Meghamala: శ్రీకాకుళం చారిత్ర .....

Monday, July 14, 2014

శ్రీకాకుళం చారిత్ర .....


®¾ÕDª½` ®¾«á-“Ÿ¿-Bª½¢.. Æ¤Ä-ª½-„çÕiÊ “X¾Â¹%A «Ê-ª½Õ©Õ... Âî{x ª½Ö¤Ä-§ŒÕ© N©Õ-„çjÊ “’Ã¯çjšü ®¾¢X¾Ÿ¿.. “ÂÌ®¾Õh-X¾Üª½y¢ ¯ÃšË X¶¾ÕÊ-„çÕiÊ ÍŒJ“ÅŒ.. ÆA “¤Ä<Ê... ÆÅŒu¢ÅŒ Æª½Õ-ŸçjÊ Ÿä„Ã-©-§ŒÖ©Õ... ¦÷ŸÄl´-ªÃ-«Õ-êÂ~-“ÅÃ©Õ.. ƒD ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ >©Çx ®¾yª½ÖX¾¢. ƒŸî Æ¢Ÿ¿-„çÕiÊ -«ÜšÌ... æXŸ¿© -«ÜšÌ... „ä®¾-N©ðÊÖ ÍŒ©x-Ÿ¿Ê¢ ÍŒÖXÏ¢Íä >©Çx ƒC. «¢¬Á-ŸµÄª½, ¯Ã’Ã-«R, «Õæ£Ç¢-“Ÿ¿-ÅŒ-Ê§ŒÕ, ¦£¾ÝŸÄ ÊŸ¿Õ© ²Ä’¹ª½ ®¾¢’¹«Õ “X¾Ÿä-¬Ç©Õ «ÕÊ-®¾ÕÊÕ X¾ª½-«-P¢-X¾-Íä-²Ähªá. «Õªî ÂîÊ-®Ô-«ÕÊÕ ÅŒ©-XÏ¢Íä …ŸÄlÊ¢.. E•¢’Ã ®¾yª½_-ŸµÄ-«Õ„äÕ. ¬ÇL-£¾Ý¢œ¿¢, Â¹R¢-’¹-X¾{o¢, Ÿ¿¢ÅŒ-«-ª½X¾Û Âî{ ‚¯ÃšË Â¹R¢’¹ “X¾•© ¬Ç¢A-ÂÃ-«á-Â¹-ÅÃy-EÂË “X¾B-Â¹-©Õ’Ã EL-ÍÃªá. ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ X¾{d-ºÇ-EÂË ‚ÊÕ-Â¹×E …Êo ®¾Öª½u-Ÿä-„Ã-©§ŒÕ¢, ¡Â¹Ø-ª½t¢-©ðE ¡Â¹Ø-ª½t-¯Ã-Ÿ±¿ÕœË ‚©§ŒÕ¢, Ÿ¿ÂË~-º-ÂÃ-Q’Ã “X¾®ÏCl´ Íç¢CÊ ¡«á-È-L¢-ê’-¬Áyª½, «ÕŸµ¿Õ-êÂ-¬Áyª½ Ÿä„Ã-©-§ŒÖ©Õ, ŠÂ¹-¯Ãœ¿Õ ¤Ä¢œ¿-«Û©Õ E«-®Ï¢-Ê ÅŒÖª½Õp Â¹ÊÕ-«Õ-©ðx¯ä ‡ÅçkhÊ PÈ-ªÃ-©Õ’Ã æXª½Õ-’Ã¢-Ê «Õæ£Ç¢-“Ÿ¿-T-ª½Õ©Õ... NŸäQ N£¾Ç¢-’Ã-©Â¹× ‚{-X¾-{d-ªáÊ ÅäL-F-©Ç-X¾Ûª½¢, Åä©Õ-Â¹×¢, “¤Ä<Ê ÂÃ©¢©ð ‹œ¿-êª-«Û-©Õ’Ã N©-®Ï-LxÊ Â¹R¢-’¹-X¾{o¢, ¦Çª½Õ-«©Õ ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ >©Çx©ðE NGµÊo ÂîºÇ-©ÊÕ ®¾p%P-²Ähªá. ‚¢“Ÿµ¿-“X¾-Ÿä¬ü ªÃ†¾Z¢©ð ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ >©Çx …ÅŒh-ª½¢’Ã ÅŒÖª½Õp-B-ªÃÊ …¢C. …ÅŒhª½ ÆÂ~Ã¢¬Á¢ 18Ð20 œË“U© ÊÕ¢ Ÿ¿ÂË~º ÆÂ~Ã¢¬Á¢ 84Ð50 œË“U© «ª½Â¹× „ÃuXÏ¢... ÅŒÖª½ÕpÊ ¦¢’Ã-@Ç-‘ÇÅŒ¢, X¾Pa«Õ, …ÅŒhª½ C¬Á©ðx ŠœË¬Ç.. ¨¬Ç-Êu¢’Ã N•-§ŒÕ-Ê-’¹ª½¢ >©Çx©Õ ®¾J-£¾Ç-Ÿ¿Õl-©Õ’Ã …¯Ãoªá. >©Çx N®Ôhª½g¢ 5837 ÍŒŸ¿-ª½X¾Û ÂË©ð-OÕ-{ª½Õx. 1991 •¯Ã¦µÇ ©ãÂ¹ˆ© “X¾ÂÃª½¢ >©Çx •¯Ã¦µÇ 23.17 ©Â¹~©Õ. 2001 ©ãÂ¹ˆ© “X¾ÂÃª½¢ 25.37 ©Â¹~©Õ. 2011 •¯Ã¦µÇ ©ãÂ¹ˆ© “X¾ÂÃª½¢ 26.99 ©Â¹~©Õ. >©Çx ®¾ªÃ-®¾J ’¹J†¾e …³òg-“’¹ÅŒ 87.3 œË“U© ¤¶Äª½-¯þ-£ÔÇšü. Â¹E†¾e …³òg-“’¹ÅŒ 73.9 ¤¶Äª½-¯þ-£ÔÇšü. ®¾«Õ-ÅŒ© QÅî-†¾g-®ÏnA. ¬ÁÅÃ-¦Çl© ÍŒJ-ÅŒÐ--Âîˆ©Õ X¶¾ÕÊÅŒ “¤Ä<-Ê-ÂÃ©¢©ð¯ä ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ …¢Ÿ¿-Ê-œÄ-EÂË ‡¯îo ‚ŸµÄ-ªÃ©Õ¯Ãoªá. ÆªáÅä 1950©ð >©Çx©Õ \ª½p-œ¿-Ê¢ÅŒ «ª½Â¹× ¨ “¤Ä¢ÅÃEo Â¹R¢’¹ “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢’Ã «u«-£¾Ç-J¢-Íä-„Ãª½Õ. Â¹R¢’¹ ÍŒJ“ÅŒ ‰ÅŒ-êª§ŒÕ “¦Ç£¾Çtº¢, ªÃ«Ö-§ŒÕº¢, «Õ£¾É-¦µÇ-ª½ÅŒ¢, Â¹Ÿ±Ä ®¾J-ÅÃq-’¹ª½¢, „çáŸ¿-©ãjÊ “’¹¢Ÿ±Ä-©©ð -“X¾²Äh-N¢-ÍÃª½Õ. X¾Üª½y-Ÿ¿-¬Á-©ð¯ä ¨ “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢©ð ‚C«Õ Åç’¹-©Åî Â¹Øœ¿Õ-Â¹×Êo •Ê-°-«Ê¢ …Êo-{Õd’Ã Â¹¢¦µ¼¢-¤ÄšË ®¾ÅŒu-¯Ã-ªÃ-§ŒÕº ‚¢“Ÿµ¿Õ© ®¾¢®¾ˆ%-AÐ-ÍŒ-J-“ÅŒ©ð æXªíˆ-¯Ãoª½Õ. ¬Á¦l-Â¹©p “Ÿ¿Õ«Õ¢©ð Â¹L+-’¹-§ýÕ+œ¿ ÆE Â¹R¢’¹ …ÅŒpAh æXªíˆ-¯Ãoª½Õ. N„Ã-ŸÄ©Õ •Jê’ “X¾Ÿä-¬Ç©Õ Â¹ÊÕÂ¹ DEÂË 'Â¹R¢’¹Ñ “X¾Ÿä-¬Á-«ÕE «a¢-Ÿ¿E Â¹R¢’¹ ÍŒJ-“ÅŒ©ð N«-J¢-ÍÃª½Õ. 'ªÃ«Ö-§ŒÕ-º¢Ñ©ð Æ§çÖ-Ÿµ¿u-ÂÃ¢-œ¿©ð ¦µ¼ª½-ÅŒÕœ¿Õ êÂêÂ-§ŒÕ-ªÃ-VÊÕ «CL Æ§çÖ-Ÿµ¿uÂ¹× «Íäa-{-X¾Ûpœ¿Õ Â¹R¢-’¹-Ê-’¹ª½¢ OÕŸ¿Õ’Ã “X¾§ŒÖ-ºË¢-ÍÃ-œ¿E ÍçXÏp-Ê{Õd “¤Ä<Ê ÍŒJ-“ÅŒÐ-¦µ¼Ö-’î-@Á¢©ð æXªíˆ-¯Ãoª½Õ. ¨ “¤Ä¢ÅÃ-EÂË ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢ Æ§çÖ-Ÿµ¿uÂ¹× X¾Pa-«Õ¢’Ã Â¹R¢-’¹-Ê-’¹ª½¢ …Êo{Õd ªÃ«Ö-§ŒÕº¢ ŸÄyªÃ Åç©Õ-²òh¢C. ¦µÇª½-ÅŒ¢©ð Â¹ØœÄ Æª½Õb-ÊÕœ¿Õ Bª½n-§ŒÖ-“ÅŒ-©Â¹× „ç@ìx ®¾«Õ-§ŒÕ¢©ð “¦µÇÅŒ%-Gµ-®¾q-£ÏÇÅî Oª½Ó-Â¹-L¢-’Ã¯þ “X¾A-¦µÇ-«A ÆE ÍçXÏpÊ ŸÄE “X¾ÂÃª½¢ ÆX¾p-šËêÂ ¨ Â¹R¢’¹ “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢ …Êo{Õd Åç©Õ-²òh¢C. Dª½`-ÅŒ-«Õ-ÊÕœ¿Õ Æ¯ä ª½Õ†ÏE ÂÃ@ÁÙ}, ÍäÅŒÕ©Õ Â¹šËd ÆÅŒE P†¾ßu©Õ ’¹¢’¹©ð «CL„ä¬Çª½Õ. ÆÅŒœ¿Õ FšË©ð Âí{Õd-Â¹×-ªÃ’Ã 'GLÑ Æ¯ä ªÃV ÆÅŒ-EE ƒ¢šËÂË B®¾Õ-éÂRx ®¾¢ª½-Â¹~º Íä®Ï ÅŒÊ ¦µÇª½uÅî ®¾¢ÅÃ-¯ÃEo Â¹¯Ã-©E Âîª½-œ¿¢Åî ‚ ª½Õ†Ï ‚„çÕ ŸÄyªÃ 'Æ¢’¹Õœ¿ÕÑ, '«¢’¹œ¿ÕÑ 'Â¹R¢-’¹Õœ¿ÕÑ, '®¾£¾Ýtœ¿ÕÑ Æ¯ä X¾Û“ÅŒÕ-©ÊÕ Â¹¯Ão-œ¿E ‚ X¾Û“ÅŒÕ© «©x „ÃJ æXª½x OÕŸ¿Õ’Ã ªÃèÇu©Õ \ª½p-œÄf-§ŒÕE «Õ£¾É-¦µÇ-ª½-ÅŒ¢©ð …¢C. Ÿ¿¢œË ªÃ®ÏÊ Ÿ¿¬Á-Â¹×-«Öª½ ÍŒJ-“ÅŒ©ð Â¹R¢’¹ Ÿä¬Á¢, Â¹R¢-’¹-Ê-’¹ª½¢ æXªíˆ-Ê-¦-œÄfªá. «Öª½ˆ¢-œä§ŒÕ X¾ÛªÃº¢, „Ã§Œá X¾ÛªÃº¢, ÂÃR-ŸÄ®¾Õ ª½X¶¾á-«¢-¬Á¢©ð Â¹ØœÄ 'Â¹R¢’¹¢Ñ …E-ÂËE “X¾²Äh-N¢-ÍÃª½Õ. «Õ¯ît-£¾Ç¯þ ’¹¢’¹ÖM 'ŠJ²Äq ŸÄE £¾Ço-«á©ÕÑ Æ¯ä “’¹¢Ÿ±¿¢©ð ÂÃR¢-’¹-«á-ÊÂ¹× …ÅŒhª½«áÊ „çjÅŒ-ª½ºË ÊC, Ÿ¿ÂË~-ºÇÊ ’îŸÄ-«J, ÅŒÖª½ÕpÊ ®¾«á“Ÿ¿¢, X¾“P-«ÖÊ ŠJ²Äq ªÃ³ÄZ-©Õ-¯Ão-§ŒÕE ÍçX¾p-œÄEo ¦šËd ÍŒÖæ®h ¨ Â¹R¢’¹¢ ÆA “¤Ä<-Ê-„çÕi-Ê-Ÿ¿E ÍçX¾p-«ÍŒÕa. Â¹R¢’¹ “¤Ä¢ÅÃEo ’¹ÕJ¢ ¡«á-È-L¢-’¹¢©ð ©Gµ¢-Ê ¬Ç®¾-¯Ã©Õ, ¬ÁÂËh-«ª½t ªÃ’î©Õ ¬Ç®¾-¯Ã-©©ð «ÕÊÂ¹× «ÕJ¢ÅŒ ®¾«Ö-ÍÃª½¢ Ÿíª½Õ-Â¹×-ÅŒÕ¢C. ¨ ¬Ç®¾-¯Ã© X¾ª½¢’Ã X¾J-ÂËæ®h >©Çx ÆA-“¤Ä-<-Ê-„çÕi-Ê-Ÿ¿E Æª½n-«Õ-«Û-ÅŒÕ¢C. ¨ “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢©ð “ÂÌ.X¾Ü. ¯Ã©_« ¬ÁÅÃ¦l¢ ¯ÃšËêÂ Â¹R¢’¹ ªÃ•u¢ Â¹{Âú ÊÕ¢ XÏª¸Ã-X¾Ûª½¢ «ª½Â¹× „ÃuXÏ¢* …¢C. ÆX¾pšË ÊÕ¢* 15« ¬ÁÅÃ¦l¢ «ª½Â¹× Æ¯äÂ¹ «Õ¢C ªÃV©Õ, Ÿ¿¢œ¿-§ŒÖ-“ÅŒ©Õ •JXÏ ÅŒ«Õ ÅŒ«Õ ªÃèÇu-©ÊÕ ²ÄnXÏ¢-ÍÃª½Õ. «Õ£¾Çt-D§ŒÕ ¤Ä©-Ê©ð Â¹ØœÄ Åç©Õ’¹Õ ¦µÇ†¾Â¹× “¤ÄŸµÄÊu¢ ƒÍÃaª½Õ. ÂÃ©Ç-ÊÕ-’¹Õ-º¢’Ã Â¹R¢’¹ ªÃ•u¢ …ÅŒhª½ ¦µÇ’¹¢ ŠJ-²Äq-©ðÊÕ, Ÿ¿ÂË~-º-¦µÇ’¹¢ ‚¢“Ÿµ¿-©ðÊÕ Æ¢ÅŒ-ªÃs´’¹¢ Æ§ŒÖuªá. “ÂÌ.X¾Ü. 467 ÊÕ¢* 336 «ª½Â¹× «Õøª½Õu©Õ ¨ “¤Ä¢ÅÃEo X¾J-¤Ä-L¢-ÍÃª½Õ. Â¹R¢’¹ Ÿä¬Á¢åXj ŸÄœË Íä®ÏÊ Æ¬ð-Â¹×œ¿Õ “ÂÌ.X¾Ü. 225©ð X¾¬Ça-ÅÃhX¾¢ ¤ñ¢C ¦÷Ÿ¿l´-«Õ-ÅÃEo ¨ “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢-©ð¯ä ®ÔyÂ¹-J¢-ÍÃœ¿Õ. ’¹¢’¹-ªÃ-V© ¤Ä©-Ê©ð ¦÷Ÿ¿l´, èãjÊ «ÕÅÃ© “¤Ä¦©u¢ ‡Â¹×ˆ-«’Ã …¢œäC. >©Çx©ð ¨ «ÕÅÃ-©Â¹× Íç¢CÊ ÍÃJ-“ÅŒÂ¹ “X¾Ÿä-¬Ç©Õ ¬ÇL-£¾Ý¢œ¿¢, Â¹R¢-’¹-X¾{o¢, «Õæ£Ç¢-“Ÿ¿-TJ, Ÿ¿¢ÅŒ-«-ª½-X¾Û-Âî{, ®¾¢’¹-«Õ-§ŒÕu-Âí¢œ¿ „çáŸ¿-©ãjÊ “X¾Ÿä-¬Ç-©Õ-¯Ãoªá. «Õøª½u ²Ä“«Ö•u¢ X¾ÅŒ-Ê-„çÕiÊ ÅŒªÃyÅŒ “ÂÌ.¬Á. 183©ð ¦µÇª½-„ä-©Õœ¿Õ «áÈ-L¢’¹¢ ªÃ•-ŸµÄ-E’Ã Â¹R¢’¹ ªÃèÇuEo ²ÄnXÏ¢-ÍÃœ¿Õ. 7« ¬ÁÅÃ¦l¢ «a-Ê¢ÅŒ «ª½Â¹× Â¹R¢’¹ ªÃ•-ŸµÄE «áÈ-L¢-’¹¢-’Ã¯ä X¾J-’¹-ºË¢-X¾-¦-œË¢C. ¦µÇª½-„ä-©ÕE ÅŒª½Õ-„ÃÅŒ ‚¢“Ÿµ¿ ÍŒ“Â¹-«-ª½Õh-©ãjÊ ¬ÇÅŒ-„Ã-£¾Ç-ÊÕ©Õ, Â¹R¢-’¹-Ÿä-¬ÇEo •ªá¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ¬ÇÅŒ„Ã-£¾Ç-ÊÕ© ÅŒª½Õ-„ÃÅŒ Â¹R¢’¹ ªÃ•u¢ Na´-Êo„çÕi Êo Êo ªÃèÇu-©Õ’Ã «ÖªÃªá. “ÂÌ.¬Á. 343©ð ®¾«á-“Ÿ¿-’¹Õ-X¾Ûhœ¿Õ Ÿ¿¢œçAh «aÊ ÂÃ©¢©ð Â¹R¢-’¹-Ÿä-¬ÇEo Ê©Õ-’¹Õª½Õ ªÃV©Õ X¾J-¤Ä-L-®¾Õh-¯Ãoª½Õ. ¯ÃšË „Ã®Ï-†¾ße-©Â¹× ªÃ•-ŸµÄE XÏª¸Ã-X¾Û-ª½„äÕ. ¬Ç©¢-ÂÃ-§ŒÕ-ÊÕ© ŸµÄšËÂË ÅÃ@Á-©äÂ¹ ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ Ÿ¿’¹_ª½ …Êo '®Ï¢’¹Õ-X¾Û-ªÃ-EÂËÑ ‚ ÅŒªÃyÅŒ ˜ãÂ¹ˆL «Ÿ¿l …Êo '«ª½l-«Ö-Ê-X¾Û-ªÃ-EÂËÑ ÆÂ¹ˆœ¿ ÊÕ¢ ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Öª½Õ «Ÿ¿l ÊÕÊo '®ÏJ-X¾Û-ªÃ-EÂËÑ ªÃ•-ŸµÄ-ÊÕ-©ÊÕ «Öª½Õa-Â¹×-¯Ãoª½Õ. “ÂÌ.¬Á. 485©ð N†¾ßg-Â¹×¢-œË-ÊÕ©Õ Ÿ¿ÂË~º Â¹R¢-’ÃEo •ªá¢-ÍÃª½Õ. “ÂÌ.¬Á. 497©ð ’¹¢’¹ «¢¬Á¢ „Ãª½Õ ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ æ®d†¾-¯þÂ¹× ®¾OÕ-X¾¢©ð …Êo «áÊ-’Ã-©-«-©®¾ X¾Â¹ˆÊ …Êo 'X¾Ûª½Õ-³ò-ÅŒh-X¾Ûª½¢Ñ Ÿ¿’¹_-ª½ÕÊo Ÿ¿¢ÅŒ-X¾Û-ªÃEo ªÃ•-ŸµÄ-E’Ã Íä®¾Õ-Â¹×E X¾J-¤Ä-L¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ÆX¾p-šË-ÊÕ¢* “ÂÌ.¬Á. 1434©ð “X¾ÅÃ-X¾-ª½Õ“Ÿ¿ ’¹•-X¾A X¾J-¤Ä-©-ÊÂ¹× «a-Ê¢ÅŒ «ª½Â¹× ’¹¢’¹-ªÃ-V©ä X¾J-¤Ä-L¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ’õÅŒNÕ ¦ÕŸ¿Õl´œ¿Õ “ÂÌ.X¾Ü. 483©ð «Õª½-ºË¢-Ê ÅŒªÃyÅŒ Æ¢ÅŒu-“ÂË-§ŒÕ©Õ •J-XÏ¢* ‚§ŒÕÊ ¬ÁKª½ Æ«-¬ì-³Ä-©ÊÕ NNŸµ¿ “¤Ä¢ÅÃ-©Â¹× B®¾Õ-Â¹×-¤ò-§ŒÖª½Õ. ¦ÕŸ¿Õl´E ¯îšË-©ðE ŠÂ¹ Ÿ¿¢ÅÃEo ‘ä«Õ-ª½Õ®Ï Æ¯ä «uÂËh B®¾Õ-Â¹×-«a Â¹R¢-’¹-ªÃ-V©ðx ŠÂ¹-œçjÊ “¦£¾Çt-Ÿ¿-ÅŒÕhE ÂÃ©¢©ð Êêª¢-“Ÿ¿-X¾Ûª½¢ Âî{©ð X¾C-©-X¾-ªÃaœ¿Õ. “Â¹«Õ¢’Ã ƒÂ¹ˆœ¿ ŠÂ¹ ®¾ÖnX¾¢ Â¹ØœÄ EJt-ÅŒ„çÕi ‡¯îo X¾Ü•-©¢-Ÿ¿Õ-Â¹×¢C. ƒŸä ÂÃ©-“Â¹-«Õ¢©ð Ÿ¿¢ÅŒ-Âî{, Ÿ¿¢ÅŒ-X¾Û-ª½¢’Ã «ÖJ¢-Ÿ¿E Íç¦Õ-ÅÃª½Õ. ’¹¢’¹-ªÃ-V©Õ Â¹R¢-’ÃEo ®¾ÕD-ª½`-„çÕiÊ ÂÃ©¢ X¾J-¤Ä-L¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ŠÂ¹ Ÿ¿¬Ç¦l¢ «ª½Â¹× '«áÈ-L¢’¹¢Ñ ªÃ•-ŸµÄ-E’Ã Íä®¾Õ-Â¹×E X¾J-¤Ä-L¢-Ê ÅŒªÃyÅŒ Â¹{-ÂÃ-EÂË ªÃ•-ŸµÄ-EE «ÖªÃaª½Õ. OJ £¾Ç§ŒÖ¢©ð ¡«á-È-L¢’¹¢, Ê’¹-J-Â¹-{Â¹¢ ÆŸ¿Õs´ÅŒ Ê’¹-ªÃ-©Õ’Ã …¢œäN. ¡«á-È-L¢’¹ ‚©-§ŒÖ©Õ Oª½Õ EJt¢--Ê„ä. ‚¯ÃšË ²Ä«Ö->Â¹ °«Ê ®ÏnA-’¹-ÅŒÕ©Õ «áÈ-L¢’¹¢ P©Çp©ðx Â¹E-XÏ-²Ähªá. ’¹¢’¹ «¢¬Ç-EÂË Íç¢CÊ 50 «Õ¢C ªÃV©Õ X¾J-¤Ä-L¢--Ê{Õd ÍŒJ-“ÅŒ-ÂÃ-ª½Õ©Õ ’¹ÕJh¢-ÍÃª½Õ. OJ ¬Ç®¾-¯Ã©Õ •ª½b¢T, ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢, …ªÃx¢, ÆÍŒÕu-ÅÃ-X¾Ûª½¢, ®¾¢ÅŒ-¦ï-«ÖtR, ‚«Õ-ŸÄ-©-«-©®¾ ÅŒC-ÅŒª½ “¤Ä¢ÅÃ©ðx Â¹E-XÏ-®¾Õh-¯Ãoªá. «áÈ-L¢’¹¢ ‚©-§ŒÕ¢-©ð¯ä 149 ¬Ç®¾-¯Ã-©Õ-¯Ãoªá. ’¹¢’¹ªÃ-V©ðx ŠÂ¹-œçjÊ éª¢œ¿« «“•-£¾Ç®¾h Ÿä«ÛE P©p¢ ƒÂ¹ˆœ¿ Â¹E-XÏ-®¾Õh¢C. ¨ «¢¬Á¢©ð «-J-„Ãœ¿Õ ¦µÇÊÕ-Ÿä-«Ûœ¿Õ. ’¹¢’¹ «¢¬Á X¾ÅŒ-Ê¢Åî ‚¢“Ÿµ¿-Ÿä¬Á¢ «âœ¿Õ-¦µÇ-’Ã-©Õ’Ã NœË-¤ò-ªá¢C. …ÅŒhª½ Â¹R¢’ÃEo, -“ÂÌ.-¬Á. 1344©ð ¤ÄL¢-Ê Â¹XÏ-©ä-¬Áyª½ ’¹•-X¾-AÂË 'Â¹{Â¹¢Ñ ªÃ•-ŸµÄ-E’Ã «ÖJ¢C. ÆÅŒE Â¹×«Ö-ª½Õœ¿Õ X¾Ûª½Õ-³ò-ÅŒh«Õ ’¹•-X¾A Â¹R¢-’ÃEo •ªá¢-ÍÃœ¿Õ. …ÅŒhª½ Â¹R¢-’¹„þÕ '…ÅŒˆ-@Á¢Ñ’Ã «ÖJ¢-Ÿ¿E ¦µÇ³Ä-¬Ç-®¾Y-„ä-ÅŒh©Õ Æ¢šÇª½Õ. ƒÅŒE Â¹×«Ö-ª½Õœ¿Õ “X¾ÅÃ-X¾-ª½Õ-“Ÿ¿ÕE ÂÃ©¢©ð ¡Â¹%†¾g Ÿä«-ªÃ-§Œá©Õ Ÿ¿¢œ¿-§ŒÖ“ÅŒ Íä®Ï Â¹R¢’¹ ²Ä“«Ö•u¢ £¾Ç®¾h-’¹ÅŒ¢ Íä®¾Õ-Â¹×-¯Ãoœ¿Õ. ¯äšË ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢, N•-§ŒÕ-Ê-’¹ª½¢ >©Çx©Õ ‚ 'Ê¢Ÿ¿-X¾Û-ª½¢Ñ-©ð¯ä …¢œäN. X¾ªÃx-ÂË-NÕœË ªÃV©Õ ¨ ÂÃ©¢©ð ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ >©Çx-©ðE ˜ãÂ¹ˆL, «Õ¢Ÿ¿®¾, Êª½-®¾-Êo-æX{ “¤Ä¢ÅÃ-©ÊÕ ‚“Â¹-NÕ¢-ÍÃª½Õ. •©¢-ÅŒ-ª½-Âî{, ƒÍÃa´-X¾Ûª½¢, ²ò¢æX{ “¤Ä¢ÅÃ©Õ ¤Ä“ÅŒÕ-ÊÕ© ‚Dµ-Ê¢©ð …¢œË-¤ò’Ã ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢, ¦ï¢ÅŒ-©-Âî-œ¿Öª½Õ “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢ «Õ£¾Çt-D§ŒÕ “¤Ä¦-©u¢-©ðÂË „çRx-¤ò-§ŒÖªá. Ê¢Ÿ¿-«¢-¬Á¢©ð -“ÂÌ.-¬Á.1752Ð58 ÂÃ©¢©ð ©Ç©Ç-Â¹%-†¾ßgœ¿Õ, N“Â¹-„þÕ-Ÿä-„þ© «ÕŸµ¿uÊ ¤òª½Õ •JT ªÃ•u¢ Na´-Êo-„çÕi¢C. ¯äšË ŠJ²Äq, N•-§ŒÕ-Ê-’¹ª½¢ >©Çx-©ðE ÂíEo “¤Ä¢ÅÃ©Õ 'èÇOÕ-©ÕÑ’Ã \ª½p-œÄfªá. ¤Ä©-Âí¢œ¿, Oª½-X¶¾ÕšÇd¢ ÂíÅŒh ªÃèÇu-©Õ’Ã Æ«-ÅŒ-J¢-ÍÃªá. ¨ N¦µä-ŸÄ-©ÊÕ ‚®¾-ªÃ’Ã Íä®¾Õ-ÂíE N•-§ŒÕ-Ê-’¹-ª½-ªÃV N•-§ŒÕ-ªÃ-«Õ-ªÃV N“Â¹-«Õ-Ÿä-«Û-EÂË Æ¢œ¿’Ã EL ²Ä©Öª½Õ, Â¹×ª½Õ¤Ä¢, ÅŒC-ÅŒª½ ªÃèÇu©Õ ¤ñ¢C-Ê-{Õx’Ã ÍŒJ“ÅŒ ŸÄyªÃ Åç©Õ-²òh¢C. »ª½¢-’¹-èä¦Õ ’î©ïˆ¢œ¿ Ê„Ã-¦ÕÊÕ ‹œË¢, EèÇ¢ …©ü-«á-©üˆE ÅŒÊ “X¾A-E-Cµ’Ã E§ŒÕ-NÕ¢-ÍŒ’Ã, »ª½¢-’¹-èä¦Õ «Õª½-ºÇ-Ê¢-ÅŒª½¢ EèÇ¢ ®¾yÅŒ¢-“ÅŒÅŒ “X¾Â¹-šË¢-ÍŒÕ-Â¹×-¯Ãoœ¿Õ. ÆÅŒE X¾J-¤Ä-©-Ê-©ð¯ä ‚¢“Ÿµ¿-“¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢ ÆªáŸ¿Õ ®¾ªÃˆ-ª½Õ-©Õ’Ã «áÂ¹ˆ-©ãj¢C. EèÇ¢ ªÃV «Õª½-ºÇ-Ê¢-ÅŒª½¢ „Ãª½-®¾ÅŒy¢ Âî®¾¢ Íç©-êª-TÊ Æ¢ÅŒÓ-Â¹-©-£¾É©ðx ®¾©Ç-¦-Åý-®Ï¢’û “åX¶¢Íý æ®¯ÃE ¦Õ®Ôq ®¾£¾É-§ŒÖEo ÂîªÃœ¿Õ. DEÅî ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ ®¾ªÃˆªý ÊÕ¢ Âí¢œ¿-X¾Lx ®¾ªÃˆªý «ª½Â¹× ¯Ã©Õ’¹Õ ®¾ªÃˆ-ª½Õ-©ÊÕ “åX¶¢-„Ãª½Õ ÅŒ«Õ å®jEÂ¹ Èª½Õa© ÂË¢Ÿ¿ ªÃªá¢-ÍŒÕ-Â¹×-¯Ãoª½Õ. DE-«-©Ê ¯çjèÇ¢ “X¾A-ECµ ÆªáÊ èÇªý ÆM «Õ£¾É-ªÃ-†¾ßZ© ®¾£¾É§ŒÕ¢ ÂîªÃœ¿Õ. «Õ£¾É-ªÃ†¾Z å®jE-Â¹×©Õ ÂÃ-Âî©ü, N¬ÇÈ, ’îŸÄ-«J “¤Ä¢ÅÃ-©ÊÕ «¬Á¢ Íä®¾Õ-Â¹×-¯Ãoª½Õ. „Ãª½Õ „çRxÊ ÅŒª½Õ-„ÃÅŒ E®¾q-£¾É-§Œá-œçjÊ èÇX¶¾ªý ÆM «Õª½-ºË¢-ÍÃœ¿Õ.-“ÂÌ.-¬Á. 1754©ð ÂÃ-Âî©ü '®¾Õ¦ÇÑ “åX¶¢-„ÃJ ‚Dµ-Ê-„çÕi¢C. N•-§ŒÕ-ªÃ-«Õ-ªÃV Âî®¾¢ ¦ïGs-LE-“ÂÌ.-¬Á. 1757 •Ê-«J 26Ê “åX¶¢* æ®Ê©Õ ÍŒÕ{Õd-«á-šÇdªá. ƒÅŒE £¾ÇÅŒu ÅŒªÃyÅŒ ªÃèãjÊ ‚Ê¢-Ÿ¿-’¹-•-X¾A ƒ¢Tx†¾ß „ÃJÅî ÍäÅŒÕ©Õ Â¹L-¤Äœ¿Õ. -“ÂÌ.-¬Á.1758©ð ƒ¢Tx†¾ß å®jÊu¢ «a¢C. -“ÂÌ.-¬Á.1759©ð 'ÂÃ-Âî-©üÑ©ð '¤¶ùèü-ŸÄ-ªýÑ© ¤Ä©Ê Æ¢ÅŒ-„çÕi¢C. -“ÂÌ.-¬Á.1760©ð ‚Ê¢-Ÿ¿-’¹-•-X¾A ÍŒE-¤ò’Ã 1766©ð ¨®Ïd¢-œË§ŒÖ ¤Ä©Ê “¤Äª½¢-¦µ¼-„çÕi¢C. ÆX¾p-šËÂË ¤Ä©-Âí¢œ¿, ˜ãÂ¹ˆL „çáŸ¿-©ãjÊ •NÕ¢-ŸÄ-K©Õ …¯Ãoªá. 1778©ð “GšË-†ý-„Ã-JÅî •NÕ¢-ŸÄ-ª½Õ©Õ Íä®¾Õ-Â¹×Êo ŠX¾p¢Ÿ¿¢ “X¾ÂÃª½¢ -“ÂÌ.-¬Á.1801 ÊÕ¢* Â¹©ã-Â¹dª½x E§ŒÖ-«ÕÂ¹¢ “¤Äª½¢-¦µ¼-„çÕi¢C. 1816 ÊÕ¢* >©Çx Â¹©ã-Â¹d-ªýÂ¹× „çÕ>-æ®Zšü ÆCµ-ÂÃ-ªÃ©Õ ©Gµ¢-ÍÃªá. •OÕ¢-ŸÄK NŸµÄ-¯ÃEo ‡C-J¢-Ê ’¹¢èÇ¢, N¬ÇÈ >©Çx© éªjÅŒÕ© «©x 'ÆÍŒa-X¾Û-«-©®¾Ñ Ÿ¿’¹_ª½ TJ-•Ê XÏÅŒÖK •J-T¢C. ¨ “’Ã«Õ¢ Oª½-X¶¾ÕšÇd¢ Ÿ¿’¹_ª½ …¢C.-“ÂÌ.-¬Á. 1834©ð TJ-•Ê Åç’¹-©Â¹× Íç¢CÊ ¤Ä©-Âí¢œ¿, „äÕª½¢T, Â¹×ª½Õ¤Ä¢, „çá¢œç¢-È-©ü-©©ð •OÕ¢-ŸÄª½x ŸîXÏœÎ ‡Â¹×ˆ-„çj¢C. “GšË-†ý-„Ãª½Õ ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢, Â¹P¢-Âî-{-©ÊÕ N¬Ç-È©ð NMÊ¢ Íä¬Çª½Õ. ƒÍÃa´-X¾Û-ªÃEo ¤ÄÅŒ-’¹¢-èÇ¢©ð 1902©ð Â¹L-¤Äª½Õ.-“ÂÌ.-¬Á. 1902Ð1930 «ÕŸµ¿u©ð •OÕ¢-ŸÄ-ª½Õ©Õ NX¾-K-ÅŒ¢’Ã P®¾Õh-©ÊÕ åX¢ÍÃª½Õ. •NÕ¢-ŸÄª½x «uA-êªÂ¹ ¤òªÃ-šÇ-EÂË 1940©ð X¾©Ç-®¾©ð •J-TÊ Æ"© ¦µÇª½ÅŒ éªjÅŒÕ «Õ£¾É-®¾¦µ¼ ®¾Öp´Jh-E-a¢C. «Õ¢Ÿ¿-®¾©ð •J-TÊ éªjÅÃ¢’¹ ¤òªÃ-{¢©ð ¬ÇÊÕ-«ÖÊÕ ’¹ÕÊo«Õt Oª½-«Õ-ª½º¢ ¤ñ¢C¢C. -“ÂÌ.-¬Á.1948©ð •NÕ¢-ŸÄ-K-©ÊÕ ª½Ÿ¿Õl Íä®ÏÊ ÅŒªÃyÅŒ ƒÍÃa´-X¾Ûª½¢, ¤Äª½y-B-X¾Ûª½¢, N•-§ŒÕ-Ê-’¹ª½¢ ®¾¢²Än-¯Ã-©Fo Â¹LXÏ N¬Ç-È-X¾{o¢ ÆA-åXŸ¿l >©Çx’Ã \ª½p-œË¢C. N¬ÇÈ >©Çx åXŸ¿l-Ÿ¿-«-œ¿¢Åî X¾J-¤Ä-©¯Ã X¾ª½-„çÕiÊ Â¹×ˆ©Õ \ª½p-œÄfªá. ŸÄEÅî 1950 ‚’¹®¾Õd 15Ê ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ éªj©äy-æ®d-†¾-¯þ©ð Æª½l´-ªÃ“A •J-TÊ ®¾«Ö-„ä-¬Á¢©ð ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ æ†Âú-Æ-£¾ÇtŸþ Â¹©ã-Â¹d-ªý’Ã E§ŒÕ-NÕ-ÅŒÕ-©-«-œ¿¢Åî ÂíÅŒh >©Çx’Ã ª½ÖX¾Û-C-Ÿ¿Õl-Â¹×¢C. ƒÅŒª½ N¬ì-³Ä©Õ.... >©Çx “X¾ŸµÄÊ êÂ¢“Ÿ¿-„çÕiÊ ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ X¾{dº¢ Íç¯çjo Ð Âî©ü-Â¹ÅÃ èÇB§ŒÕ ª½£¾Ç-ŸÄ-JåXj N¬Ç-È-X¾-{d-ºÇ-EÂË «¢Ÿ¿ ÂË©ð-OÕ-{ª½x Ÿ¿Öª½¢©ð …¢C. ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×-@Ç-EÂË Íäª½Õ-«-©ð-ÊÕÊo N«Ö-¯Ã-“¬Á§ŒÕ¢ N¬Ç-È-X¾{o¢. ®¾OÕ-X¾¢-©ðE éªj©äy-æ®d-†¾¯þ ‚«Õ-ŸÄ-©-«-©®¾ æ®d†¾¯þ. ƒC ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ X¾{d-ºÇ-EÂË ®¾Õ«Öª½Õ 10 ÂË©ð-OÕ-{ª½x Ÿ¿Öª½¢©ð …¢C. ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ X¾{d-º¢©ð “¤Ä<Ê ‚©-§ŒÖ©ðx ¡ …«Ö-ª½Õ“Ÿ¿ Âî˜ä-¬Áy-ªÃ-©§ŒÕ¢ ŠÂ¹šË. \ÂÃ¢ÅŒ ’¹º-X¾A X¾ª½y-ÅÃ-ÂÃ-ª½Õ-©ãjÊ Ê¢D-¬Áy-ª½Õ-EÅî Æ©-ªÃ-ª½Õ-Åî¢C. ¨ ‚©-§ŒÕ¢©ð 16, 17 ¬ÁÅÃ-¦Çl© ¬Ç®¾-¯Ã©Õ ©Gµ¢-ÍÃªá. ¡Âî-Ÿ¿¢-œ¿-ªÃ-«Õ-²ÄyNÕ ‚©§ŒÕ¢, >©Çx©ð ÆA-åX-Ÿ¿l-ŸçjÊ V«Öt-«Õ-®ÔŸ¿Õ “X¾Åäu-Â¹¢’Ã æXªíˆ-Ê-«ÍŒÕa. «Õ£¾É-ÅŒÕtœ¿Õ ÊœË-Ê ¯ä© ª½N Æ®¾h-NÕ¢-ÍŒE “GšË†ý ²Ä«Ö-“•u¢åXj Æ£ÏÇ¢æ® ‚§Œá-Ÿµ¿¢’Ã ‡Ÿ¿Õ-ªíœËf ¤òªÃ-œËÊ ¦µ¼ª½-ÅŒ-«ÖÅŒ «áŸ¿Õl-Gœ¿f, ²ÄyÅŒ¢“ÅŒu “X¾ŸÄÅŒ «Õ£¾É-ÅÃt-’Ã¢Dµ «âœ¿Õ ªîV© ¤Ä{Õ ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ >©Çx©ð X¾ª½u-šË¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ²ÄyÅŒ¢“ÅŒu ¤òªÃ{¢ ÂÌ©Â¹ Ÿ¿¬ÁÂ¹× Íäª½Õ-Â¹×Êo ÂÃ©¢-©ð¯ä ¤òªÃ{¢ Bª½Õ-Åç-ÊÕo©Õ Åç©Õ-®¾Õ-Âí-¯ä¢-Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× ’Ã¢Dµ ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×-@Á¢©ð X¾ª½u-šË¢-ÍÃª½Õ. -“ÂÌ.-¬Á.1927 œËå®¢-¦ª½Õ 2 ÊÕ¢* «âœ¿Õ ªîV© ¤Ä{Õ ƒÂ¹ˆœ¿ ’¹œË-¤Äª½Õ. X¾ª½u-{Ê ÅíL-ªîV ¤Ä©-Âí¢œ¿ ªîœ¿Õf-©ðE ‡¢¦Çœ¿ £¾ÇÊÕ-«Õ¢-ÅŒ-ªÃ«Û ƒ¢šË©ð ¦®¾ Íä¬Çª½Õ. “X¾®¾ÕhÅŒ¢ ¨ ƒ¢šËE ’Ã¢Dµ° ¦®¾ Íä®ÏÊ £¾Ço¢-’Ã¯ä …¢Íä-¬Çª½Õ. ƒÂ¹ˆœ¿ ’Ã¢Dµ …Ÿ¿u«Õ ®¾£¾Ç-ÍŒ-ª½Õ-©Åî ÍŒJa¢-ÍŒœ¿¢, ¤òªÃ-{¢©ð ¤Ä©ï_¢-{ÕÊo ¯Ã§ŒÕ-Â¹×©Õ, §Œá«-Â¹×© ’¹ÕJ¢ ‚ªÃ B§ŒÕ{¢ Íä¬Çª½Õ. ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ >©Çx©ð ‘ÇD X¾J-“¬Á«Õ ÆGµ-«%Cl´ Bª½Õ-Åç-ÊÕo©Õ Â¹ØœÄ ÆœËT Åç©Õ-®¾Õ-Âí-¯Ãoª½Õ. ƒÂ¹ˆœ¿ ¯ä®ÏÊ ÈŸ¿lª½Õ X¾J-Q-L¢* ¯äÅŒ ÂÃJt-Â¹×-©ÊÕ “X¾¬Á¢-®Ï¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ÆŸä ªîV ²ÄnEÂ¹ X¾Ûª½-¤Ä-©Â¹ ®¾¢X¶¾Õ¢ „çÕiŸÄ-Ê¢©ð •J-TÊ ¦£ÏÇ-ª½¢’¹ ®¾¦µ¼©ð ‚§ŒÕÊ “X¾®¾¢-T¢-ÍÃª½Õ. Ÿä¬Á ²Äª½y-¦µ÷-«Ö-Cµ-ÂÃª½¢ Âî®¾¢ •ª½Õ-’¹Õ-ÅŒÕÊo ¤òªÃ-šÇEo «ÕJ¢ÅŒ «á¢Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× B®¾Õ-Â¹×-„ç-@Áx-œÄ-EÂË O©Õ’Ã ¦µ¼ÖJ NªÃ-@Ç©Õ ƒ„Ãy-©E ’Ã¢Dµ° ƒaÊ XÏ©Õ-X¾Û-ÊÂ¹× ÆEo «ªÃ_© „Ãª½Õ åXŸ¿l-‡-ÅŒÕhÊ ®¾p¢C¢-ÍÃª½Õ. “X¾èÇ-®¾p¢-Ÿ¿Ê ’¹«Õ-E¢-Ê ’Ã¢Dµ> „ÃJE ÆGµ-Ê¢-C¢-ÍÃª½Õ. Â¹©¢ Oª½Õ© Â¹Êo-¦µ¼ÖNÕ ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ >©Çx ‡¢Ÿ¿ªî NªÃ-«Õ-„çÕ-ª½Õ-’¹E Â¹©¢ Oª½Õ-©Â¹× •Êt-Ea X¾ÛF-ÅŒ-„çÕi¢C. …ÅŒhª½ N¬ÇÈ >©Çx ‚N-ªÃs´-„Ã-EÂË «á¢Ÿ¿Õ, ÅŒª½Õ-„ÃÅŒ ‡¢Ÿ¿-éª¢-Ÿ¿ªî ¤Ä“A-êÂ-§Œá©Õ èÇB-§ŒÕ-²Än-ªá©ð ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ >©Çx ÂÌJh-X¾-ÅÃ-ÂÃEo ‡’¹Õ-ª½-„ä-¬Çª½Õ. ¬Ç¬ÁyÅŒ ÂÌJhÅîª½ºÇ©ãj ’¹ª½y-ÂÃ-ª½-º¢’Ã EL-ÍÃª½Õ. ¨ >©Çx©ð ¯Ã’Ã-«R “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢©ð •Et¢-Ê ‚ÍŒ¢{ „ç¢Â¹{ ²ù‘Çu-§ŒÕÊ ¬Áª½t Åç©Õ’¹Õ X¾“AÂÃ ª½¢’Ã-EÂË ¡ÂÃª½¢ ÍŒÕšÇdª½Õ. ‚§ŒÕÊ-“ÂÌ.-¬Á. -“ÂÌ.-¬Á.1881©ð '®¾ÕèÇÅŒ “X¾„çÖ-CEÑ Æ¯ä X¾“A-Â¹ÊÕ -“ÂÌ.-¬Á.1903©ð 'Â¹©p-©ÅŒÑ Æ¯ä X¾“A-Â¹ÊÕ ¯ç©-Âí-©Çpª½Õ. ‚ ÂÃ©¢©ð ¨§ŒÕÊ ÅŒÊ X¾“A-Â¹©ðx NGµ-Êo¢’Ã NèÇc-Ê-¬Ç®¾Y¢, ª½²Ä-§ŒÕ-Ê-¬Ç®¾Y¢, ¦µ¼Ö, «%Â¹~, ÈE• ÅŒÅÃy-©Â¹× ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢Ê „çjèÇc-EÂ¹ Æ¢¬Ç-©ÊÕ “X¾ÍŒÕ-J¢-Íä-„Ãª½Õ. ‚ÍŒ¢{ ²ùÈu-§ŒÕÊ ¬Áª½t ¤Äª½y-B-X¾Ûª½¢ «áE-®ÏX¶ý Âîª½Õd©ð ¯Ãu§ŒÕ-„Ã-C’Ã, Ê-„çÖ-ª½¢T ®¾¢²ÄnÊ¢ C„Ã-ÊÕ’Ã Âí¯Ão@ÁÙ} X¾E-Íä-¬Çª½Õ. ®Ï.„çj.-¢-ÅÃ-«ÕºË’Ã ¦µÇª½ÅŒ X¾“A-ÂÃ-ª½¢-’¹¢©ð ®¾Õ“X¾-®Ï-Ÿ¿Õl´-œçjÊ “ªÃ-X¾ÜJ §ŒÕèäc-¬Áyª½ ¢ÅÃ-«ÕºË 1900 ©ð N•-§ŒÕ-Ê-’¹ª½¢ ÊÕ¢ „ç©Õ-«œä Åç©Õ’¹Õ £¾Éªýq Æ¯ä X¾“A-Â¹ÊÕ Eª½y-£ÏÇ¢-ÍÃª½Õ. -“ÂÌ.-¬Á.1904©ð ªÃ•-«Õ¢“œË ÊÕ¢* „ç©Õ-«-œËÊ '‚¢“Ÿµ¿-êÂ-®¾JÑ X¾“AÂÃ ®¾¢¤Ä-Ÿ¿-Â¹×©Õ œÄÂ¹dªý ©-Â¹ØJ ¯ÃªÃ-§ŒÕ-º-ªÃ«Û ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ >©Çx „Ãêª.-“ÂÌ.-¬Á. 1980©ð ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Öª½Õ ®¾OÕ-X¾¢-©ðE ‚Ê¢-Ÿ¿-X¾Ûª½¢©ð X¾ÛšËdÊ ¨§ŒÕÊ ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢, X¾ªÃx-ÂË-NÕœË, N•-§ŒÕ-Ê-’¹-ª½¢-©©ð ÍŒŸ¿Õ-«Û-Â¹×-¯Ãoª½Õ. ¦µÇ†¾ X¾J-¬ð-Ÿµ¿-Ê©ð ‚§ŒÕÊ ®¾p%P¢-ÍŒE Æ¢¬Á¢ ©äŸ¿Õ. ‚§ŒÕÊ ªÃ®ÏÊ “’¹¢Ÿ±Ä©Õ 240 ÂÃ’Ã „ÃšË æX°© ®¾¢Èu ©Â~Ã 20 „ä©Õ. «u«-£¾Éª½ ¦µÇ³ò-Ÿ¿u«Õ XÏœ¿Õ’¹Õ Tœ¿Õ’¹Õ „ç¢Â¹{ ªÃ«Õ-«âJh ¨ >©Çx-©ðE X¾ª½y-ÅÃ©æX{ ‚“’¹-£¾É-ªÃ-EÂË Íç¢CÊ „Ãêª. ‚§ŒÕÊ 'Åç©Õ’¹ÕÑ X¾“A-Â¹ÊÕ \œÄC ¤Ä˜ä ÊœË-XÏ¯Ã ŸÄEE «u«-£¾É-JÂ¹ ¦µÇ³ò-Ÿ¿u«Õ DXÏ-Â¹’Ã «ÕL-ÍÃª½Õ. «u«-£¾Éª½ ¦µÇ†¾Â¹× X¾{d¢ ’¹{d-œ¿„äÕ ÂÃÂ¹×¢œÄ ®¾«-ª½-¦µÇ-†¾Â¹× LXÏE, EX¶¾Õ¢-{Õ-«ÛÊÕ, „ÃuÂ¹-ª½-ºÇEo ª½Ö¤ñ¢-C¢ ¦Ç³Ä-„ä-ÅŒh’Ã, ¡«á-È-L¢’¹¢ ‚©§ŒÕ ¬Ç®¾-¯Ã-©ÊÕ „ç©Õ-’¹Õ-©ðÂË ÅçaÊ ¬Ç®¾Ê X¾J-¬ð-Ÿµ¿-Â¹×-E’Ã ªÃ«âtJh X¾¢ÅŒÕ©Õ ÍŒJ-ÅÃ-ª½Õl´œ¿Õ. ‚§ŒÕÊ Â¹×«Ö-ª½Õœ¿Õ Tœ¿Õ’¹Õ ®ÔÅÃ-X¾A Â¹ØœÄ ÅŒ¢“œË Æœ¿Õ-’¹Õ-èÇ-œ¿-©ðxE ÊœË -“ÂÌ.-¬Á.1940©ð ¦µÇª½A X¾“A-Â¹ÊÕ ®¾¢¤Ä-Ÿ¿-Â¹×-E’Ã X¾E-Íä-¬Çª½Õ. ÅŒÊ £¾Ç§ŒÖ¢©ð ¦Ç©-²Ä-£ÏÇ-ÅÃu-EÂË, ®¾«ª½ ¤Ä{© Åç©Õ’¹Õ ÆÊÕ-„Ã-ŸÄ-©Â¹× '¦µÇª½-AÑ©ð ²ÄnÊ¢ Â¹Lp¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ‚Ÿµ¿Õ-EÂ¹ •ª½o-L-èÇ-EÂË ¦Ç{©Õ „ä®ÏÊ ÅÃXÔ Ÿµ¿ªÃt-ªÃ«Û ®¾y®¾n©¢ ¦ª½¢-X¾Ûª½¢. ¨§ŒÕÊ ¦ª½¢-X¾Ûª½¢ ÊÕ¢Íä 'ÂÃ’¹œÄÑ, '“X¾èÇ-NÕ“ÅŒÑ X¾“A-Â¹Â¹× ®¾¢¤Ä-Ÿ¿Â¹ ¦ÇŸµ¿u-ÅŒ©Õ Eª½y-£ÏÇ¢-ÍÃª½Õ. Åç©Õ’¹Õ X¾“AÂÃ ª½¢’¹¢-©ð¯ä ®¾Õ“X¾-®Ï-Ÿ¿Õl´œä ÂÃÂ¹ Åç©Õ’¹Õ ®¾¢®¾ˆ%B NÂÃ-²Ä-EÂË “X¾«Ö-ºËÂ¹ “’¹¢Ÿ±Ä©Õ ªÃ®ÏÊ «uÂËh’Ã ª½-®¾t-ª½-ºÌ-§Œáœ¿Õ. 1923©ð Êª½-®¾-Êo-æX-{Â¹× Íç¢CÊ ¤ñ{Öoª½Õ ²ÄyNÕ-¦Ç¦Õ Â¹R¢-’¹-„çj-¬ÁÙu©ðx …Êo «âœµÄ-ÍÃ-ªÃ© Eª½Öt-©-ÊÂ¹× '„çj¬ÁuÑ Æ¯ä X¾“A-Â¹ÊÕ ÊœË-¤Äª½Õ. ƒÍÃa´-X¾Û-ªÃ-EÂË Íç¢CÊ “X¾«áÈ ²ÄyÅŒ¢“ÅŒu ®¾«Õ-ª½-§çÖ-Ÿµ¿Õœ¿Õ X¾Û©ãxX¾Û ¬Çu«Õ-®¾Õ¢-Ÿ¿-ª½-ªÃ«Û, “X¾èÇ-„ÃºË X¾“A-Â¹ÊÕ ÊœË-¤Äª½Õ. ¦ª½¢-X¾Û-ª½¢©ð •Et¢-Ê ¯ÃuX¾A ¯ÃªÃ-§ŒÕ-º-«âJh ‚¢“Ÿµ¿-„ÃºË Â¹R¢’¹ X¾“A-Â¹-©Â¹× ®¾¢¤Ä-Ÿ¿-Â¹ÅŒy¢ «£ÏÇ¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ¦µÇª½A X¾“A-Â¹-©-©ðÊÖ -“ÂÌ.-¬Á.1936©ð «Õ“ŸÄX¾Û «a „Ã£ÏÇE X¾“A-Â¹©ð ¦ÇŸµ¿u-ÅŒ©Õ Eª½y-£ÏÇ¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ‚¢“Ÿµ¿-“X¾¦µ¼ X¾“A-Â¹Â¹× ‚§ŒÕÊ ÅíL ®¾¢¤Ä-Ÿ¿-Â¹×œ¿Õ. «J ªîV©ðx N•-§ŒÕ-“X¾¦µ¼ X¾“A-Â¹ÊÕ, èãj¦µÇ-ª½Åý X¾“A-Â¹ÊÕ Eª½y-£ÏÇ¢-ÍÃª½Õ. «ÖÂíDl Åç©x-Ÿí-ª½-ÅŒÊ¢ ÆÊo ®¾yÅŒ¢“ÅŒu ®¾«Õ-ª½-§çÖ-Ÿµ¿Õœ¿Õ, ²Ä£ÏÇB …Ÿ¿u-«Õ-Â¹ª½h ’¹J-„çÕ@Á} ®¾ÅŒu-¯Ã-ªÃ-§ŒÕº Â¹ØœÄ ¨ >©Çx-„Ãæ®. -“ÂÌ.-¬Á.1893©ð ¤ò©ÇÂË «Õ¢œ¿©¢ “XÏ§ŒÖ-“’¹-£¾É-ª½¢©ð •Et¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ’Ã¢Dµ° XÏ©Õ-X¾ÛÅî èÇB-§çÖ-Ÿ¿u-«Õ¢©ð ¤Ä©ï_E 162 X¾ŸÄ-©Åî «ÖÂíDl Åç©x-Ÿíª½ ÅŒÊ¢ Æ¯ä ¤Ä{ÊÕ ªÃ¬Çª½Õ. ¨§ŒÕÊ -“ÂÌ.-¬Á.1993©ð '’¹%£¾Ç-©ÂË~tÑ X¾“AÂ¹ ®¾¢¤Ä-Ÿ¿-Â¹×-E’Ã ‚ÍÃª½u ª½¢’Ã ‚Ÿµ¿y-ª½u¢-©ðE '„Ã£ÏÇEÑ X¾“A-Â¹Â¹× ®¾£¾É§ŒÕ ®¾¢¤Ä-Ÿ¿-Â¹×-E’Ã, ‚¢“Ÿµ¿-„ÃºË X¾“A-Â¹Â¹× Âí¯äo@ÁÙ} ®¾¢¤Ä-Ÿ¿-Â¹×-E’Ã ¦ÇŸµ¿u-ÅŒ©Õ «£ÏÇ¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ÅÃ¢“œ¿ ¬÷ª½u¢ E¢œËÊ ªÃèÇ¢ ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ >©Çx ÍŒJ-“ÅŒ©ð ÅÃ¢“œ¿ ¤Ä¤Ä-ªÃ-§Œáœ¿Õ æXª½Õ “X¾²Äh-N¢-ÍÃ-Lq¢Ÿä. ÅÃ¢“œ¿ ¤ÄX¾§ŒÕu Âî{ ªÃèÇ¢©ð …¢œäC. N•-§ŒÕ-ªÃ-«Õ-ªÃV ¦ïGsL Âî{ÊÕ Ÿµ¿y¢®¾¢ Íä®Ï ²ÄyDµÊ¢ Íä®¾Õ-Âî-«-œ¿¢Åî Âî{-©ðE Æ¢ÅŒÓ-X¾Ûª½ ®ÔY©Õ ÆTo©ð Ÿ¿ÖÂË ‚ÅŒt-£¾ÝA Íä®¾Õ-Â¹×-¯Ãoª½E ÍÃJ-“ÅŒÂ¹ ‚ŸµÄ-ªÃ©Õ -Åç-©ÕX¾Û-ÅŒÕ-¯Ãoªá. ‚ÅŒt-£¾ÇÅŒu Íä®¾Õ-Â¹×Êo ¦ïGsL ªÃºË ÅÃ¢“œ¿ ¤Ä¤Ä-ªÃ-§ŒáœËÂË ®¾y§ŒÖ¯Ã ²òŸ¿J. ¦ïGsL X¾ÅŒÊ¢ Åç©Õ-®¾Õ-Â¹×Êo ÅÃ¢“œ¿ ¤ÄX¾§ŒÕu ªÃèÇ¢ ÊÕ¢* £¾ÝšÇ-£¾Ý-šËÊ ¦ïGsL „çRx ÆÂ¹ˆœ¿ N•-§ŒÕ-ªÃ-«Õ-ªÃ-VÊÕ ÍŒ¢X¾œ¿¢ Â¹ØœÄ ÍÃJ-“ÅŒÂ¹ “X¾®Ï-Ÿ¿l´„äÕ. ¦ïGsLX¾ÛL ÅÃ¢“œ¿ ¤Ä¤Ä-ªÃ-§Œáœ¿Õ E«-®Ï¢-Ê Oª½-é’œ¿f ªÃèÇ¢ “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢©ð ªÃV© BXÏ’¹Õª½Õ-ÅŒÕ©Õ ¯äšËÂÌ …¯Ãoªá. 'Âî{Ñ©ð Âîª½Õd ¯Ãœ¿Õ ÅÃ¢“œ¿ ¤Ä¤Ä-ªÃ-§Œáœ¿Õ Âí©Õ-«ÛÊo ªÃèÇ¢-©ðE Âî{©ð ƒšÌ-«© ÂÃ©¢ «ª½Â¹× WE-§ŒÕªý, ®ÔE-§ŒÕªý ¯Ãu§ŒÕ-²Än-¯Ã©Õ Eª½y-£ÏÇ¢-Íä-„Ãª½Õ. ¯äšËÂÌ Âîª½Õd©ð Ÿ¿®¾ªÃ …ÅŒq-„Ã-©ÊÕ Íä§ŒÕœ¿¢ ‚Ê-„Ã-ªá-B’Ã «²òh¢C. ÅÃ¢“œ¿ Âí©Õ-«ÛÊo ªîV©ðx Âî{ÊÕ ÂÃ¤Äœä ¬ÁÂËhE Âî{-Ÿ¿Õª½_ Æ¯ä-„Ã-ª½E, ¨ Âî{©ð ¦µäÅÃ-@ÁÙœ¿Õ …¯Ão-œ¿E åXŸ¿l©Õ ÍçæXp-„Ãª½Õ. ƒX¾p-šËÂÌ Âî{Â¹× „ç@ìx «Öª½_¢©ð éª¢œ¿Õ-„çj-X¾Û©Ç éª¢œ¿Õ X¶Ïª½¢-’¹Õ© ’íšÇd-©Õ-¯Ãoªá. Âî{-ÍŒÕ{Öd åXŸ¿l Â¹¢Ÿ¿Â¹¢ …¢œä-Ÿ¿E «%Ÿ¿Õl´©Õ Íç¦Õ-ÅÃª½Õ. “X¾®¾ÕhÅŒ¢ ¦²Äd¢-œþ’Ã NE-§çÖ-T-®¾ÕhÊo «Õ©x-«Õt-Íç-ª½Õ-«ÛÊÕ ‚ÊÕ-Â¹×E …Êo ’¹Õ“ª½-«Õt-Íç-ª½Õ-«Û©ð ’¹Õ“ªÃ©Õ F@ÁÙx ÅÃê’-«E ÍÃJ“ÅŒÂ¹ ‚ŸµÄ-ªÃ-©Õ-¯Ãoªá. Âî{ ÊÕ¢ Êo-Íç-ª½Õ«Û «ª½Â¹× ²ñª½¢’¹«Öª½_¢ …¢œä-Ÿ¿E, ‚ «Öª½_¢-åXj¯ä ¯äœ¿Õ «ÖŸµ¿-«-¦-èÇªý ª½£¾Ç-ŸÄJ EJt-ÅŒ-„çÕi¢-Ÿ¿E “X¾ÍÃª½¢ …¢C. Âî{-©ðE ®ÔY©Õ ²ñª½¢-’¹-«Öª½_¢ ŸÄyªÃ Êo-Íç-ª½Õ-«Û-©ðÂË „çRx ²Äo¯Ã©Õ Íäæ®-„Ãª½E «%Ÿ¿l´-ÅŒª½¢ Íç¦Õ-ÅŒÕ¢-{Õ¢C. ª¸ÃºÇ©ð ÅŒ£¾Ç-Q-©Çlª½Õ ÂÃªÃu-©§ŒÕ¢ ÅÃ¢“œ¿ ¤Ä¤Ä-ªÃ-§Œáœ¿Õ ªÃèÇ¢©ð …Êo-ÂÃ-©¢©ð ª¸ÃºÇ Eª½y-£ÏÇ¢-Ê ¦µ¼«-Ê¢©ð “X¾®¾ÕhÅŒ¢ ÅŒ£¾Ç-Q-©Çlª½Õ ÂÃªÃu-©-§ŒÖEo Eª½y-£ÏÇ-®¾Õh-¯Ãoª½Õ. ƒ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð ‚¯ÃšË èãj©Õ-’¹-C©ð “X¾®¾ÕhÅŒ¢ JÂÃ-ª½Õf©Õ ¦µ¼“Ÿ¿-X¾-ª½Õ-®¾Õh-¯Ãoª½Õ. ÅÃ¢“œ¿-¤Ä-¤Ä-ªÃ-§Œáœ¿Õ „çÕœ¿©ð Ÿµ¿J¢Íä ’í©Õ®¾Õ ÅŒ£¾Ç-Q-©Çlª½Õ ÂÃªÃu-©-§ŒÕ¢©ð ƒX¾p-šËÂÌ ¦µ¼“Ÿ¿¢-’Ã¯ä …¢C. \ÂÃ¢ÅŒ ®ÔÅÃ-ªÃ-«Ö-©§ŒÕ¢ ¦ïGs-L-ªÃ-V©Õ ¨ “¤Ä¢ÅÃ-EÂË «a-Ê-X¾Ûœ¿Õ Ÿçj«-Ÿ¿-ª½zÊ¢ Íä®¾Õ-Â¹×-¯ä¢-Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× O©Õ’Ã ®¾¢ÅŒ-Â¹-NšË «Õ¢œ¿©¢ ’¹Õ@Áx-®Ô-ÅÃ-ªÃ¢-X¾Û-ª½¢©ð \ÂÃ¢ÅŒ ®ÔÅÃ-ªÃ-«Ö-©-§ŒÖEo EJt¢-ÍÃª½Õ. Ÿµ¿ÊÕ®¾Õq, N©x¢-¦Õ©Õ ©äÂ¹×¢œÄ \Â¹-P-©åXj ®ÔÅÃ-ªÃ-«Õ-©-Â¹~t-ºÕ-©ÕÊo \éÂjÂ¹ ‚©§ŒÕ¢ ƒŸä. ¨ ‚©§ŒÕ Eª½y-£¾Çº Âî®¾¢ «¢Ÿ¿-©ÇC ‡Â¹-ªÃ© ¦µ¼Ö«á-©ÊÕ ¦ïGsL ªÃV©Õ ®¾«Õ-Â¹Ø-ªÃaª½Õ. ‚ ¦µ¼Ö«á-©Fo ƒX¾Ûœ¿Õ Æ¯Ãu-“ÂÃ¢-ÅŒ-«Õ-§ŒÖuªá. ƒ«Fo ’¹Õª½Õ-ÅŒÕ©ä.. “X¾®¾ÕhÅŒ¢ >.®Ï. Â¹x¦ü’Ã …Êo ¦µ¼«Ê¢ ¦ïGsL ªÃV©Õ ®¾«Õ-Â¹Ø-Ja-ÊŸä. “X¾®¾ÕhÅŒ¢ ²Ä«Ö->Â¹ ‚®¾p“A EJt¢-Ê “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢©ð ÅÃ¢“œ¿ £¾Ç§ŒÖ¢©ð ’¹Õ“ªÃ©Õ, \ÊÕ’¹Õ© ²Än«-ª½¢’Ã …¢œäC. ¦ïGsL ªÃV©Õ ¨ “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢©ð ‡æ®d-{xÊÕ ÍŒÖæ®¢-Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× «a-Ê-X¾Ûœ¿Õ N“¬Ç¢A B®¾Õ-Â¹×-¯ä¢-Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× O©Õ’Ã …¢’¹-ªÃœ¿, >.‡-®ý.-X¾Ûª½¢ “’Ã«Ö©ðx N“¬Ç¢A ¦µ¼«-¯Ã©Õ EJt¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ¤Ä¤Ä-ªÃ-§Œáœ¿Õ ©äÂ¹-¤ò-«œ¿¢ «©x ¦ïGsL ¤Äœçj¢-Ÿ¿E ÍŒJ“ÅŒ Íç¦Õ-ÅŒÕ¢-œ¿’Ã, ‚§ŒÕÊ ²Än«-ª½¢’Ã …Êo ªÃèÇ¢ ÍŒJ-“ÅŒ-X¾Û-{-©-éÂ-ÂËˆ¢C. ÅŒª½-ÅŒ-ªÃ© ®¾¢®¾ˆ%-AÂË “X¾BÂ¹ ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Öª½Õ ®¾Êo-‘ÇD ‘ÇDE ’¹¢’Ã ÊC’Ã ¦µÇNæ®h ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Öª½Õ ‘ÇDE ’¹¢’Ã ÊCÂË •Êt-E-aÊ ’¹¢’î-“A’Ã ÆGµ-«-Jg¢-ÍíÍŒÕa ÆE ’Ã¢Dµ «ÕÊÕ-«Õ-ªÃ©Õ ÅÃªÃ ’Ã¢Dµ ÆGµ-«-Jg¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ²ÄyÅŒ¢“ÅŒu ®¾¢“’Ã-«Õ¢©ð …X¾Ûp, ÍŒª½‘Ç, ‘ÇD Åç©x-„ÃJ ’¹Õ¢œç©ðx Ÿ¿œ¿ X¾ÛšËd¢ÍÃªá. ’Ã¢Dµ° XÏ©ÕX¾Û „äÕª½Â¹× NŸäQ «®¾Õh ¦£ÏÇ†¾ˆ-ª½º, «®¾Y Ÿ¿£¾Ç-Ê¢©ð …Ÿ¿u«Õ¢ X¾ÅÃÂ¹ ²ÄnªáÂË Íäª½Õ-ÂíE ‘ÇD ®¾yŸäQ …Ÿ¿u-«Õ¢’Ã ª½ÖX¾Û-C-Ÿ¿Õl-Âí¢C. ‚¢“Ÿµ¿ “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢©ð ÆX¾p-šËêÂ ¦Ç’Ã „Ãœ¿Õ-Â¹©ð …Êo ®¾Êo-ÊÖ©Õ «²ÄY©Õ -“ÂÌ.-¬Á.1921©ð ’Ã¢Dµ° Ÿ¿%†ÏdÂË «ÍÃaªá. ÆN E•¢’Ã ÍäA «œ¿ÕÂ¹× ÊÖ©ÕÅî ¯ä®ÏÊ «²ÄY-©ä¯Ã? ÆE ’Ã¢Dµ° ‚¬Áaª½u¢ «uÂ¹h¢ Íä¬Çª½Õ. „ç¢{¯ä ‚§ŒÕÊ ‚ «œ¿ÕÂ¹×, ¯äÅŒ NŸµÄ-¯Ã-©ÊÕ X¾J-Q-L¢ E„ä-C-Â¹ÊÕ ®¾«ÕJp¢ÍÃ©E ÅŒÊ Â¹×«Öª½Õœ¿Õ Ÿä«-ŸÄ®¾Õ ’Ã¢DµE X¾Ûª½-«Ö-ªá¢-ÍÃª½Õ. Ÿä«-ŸÄ®¾Õ’Ã¢Dµ ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Öª½Õ, Æ¢¤ò©Õ, ¦ï¢ÅŒ-©-Âî-œ¿Öª½Õ ÅŒC-ÅŒª½ “¤Ä¢ÅÃ©ðxE ®¾Êo-ÊÖ©Õ «œ¿ÕÂ¹×, ¯äÅŒ NŸµÄ-¯Ã©Õ ®¾y§ŒÕ¢’Ã X¾J-Q-L¢, ÅŒ¢“œËÂË N«-J¢ÍÃª½Õ. ¨ N†¾-§ŒÖEo ¦ÇX¾Ü° ÆX¾pšðx '§ŒÕ¢’û-ƒ¢-œË§ŒÖÑ X¾“A-Â¹©ð “X¾Â¹-šË¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ÆX¾pšË ÊÕ¢ ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ >©Çx ®¾Êo-ÊÖ©Õ «²ÄY-©Â¹×, ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Öª½Õ ‘ÇD «²ÄY-©Â¹× Æ"© ¦µÇª½ÅŒ ²Änªá©ð ‡Ê-©äE “X¾ÍÃª½¢, ‚Ÿ¿-ª½º ©Gµ¢-ÍÃªá. ÍäAÅî «œË-ÂËÊ ÊÖ©ÕÅî Íä«Õ’¹_¢ OÕŸ¿ ¯ä®ÏÊ «²ÄYEo ÈŸ¿l-ª½Õ’Ã æXªíˆ¢-šÇª½Õ. ¯Ã{u¢ ÆÊ-’Ã¯ä Â¹Ø-X¾ÜœË ‡©Ç ’¹Õª½ÕhÂ¹× «®¾Õh¢Ÿî, ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Öª½Õ «Ö{ NÊ-’Ã¯ä ®¾Õp´J¢-ÍäC ‘ÇD§äÕ. Ÿä¬Á-„Ãu-X¾h¢’Ã éª¢œ¿Õ „ä© ‘ÇD ®¾¢®¾n©Õ …ÊoX¾p-šËÂÌ ÍŒÕÂ¹ˆ©ðx ÍŒ¢“Ÿ¿Õ-E©Ç ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Öª½Õ ‘ÇD E©Õ-²òh¢C. ®¾¢X¶¾Õ-šËÅŒ ª½¢’¹¢-©ðÂË ÂíEo «¢Ÿ¿© \@Áx-¤Ä{Õ ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Öª½Õ ‘ÇD Æ®¾¢-X¶¾Õ-šËÅŒ ª½¢’¹¢©ð …¢œäC. -“ÂÌ.-¬Á.1949©ð ®¾¢X¶¾Õ-šËÅŒ ª½¢’¹¢-©ðÂË Æœ¿Õ-T-œË¢C. ÆŸä \œÄC \“XÏ©ü 1Ê ‚¢“Ÿµ¿ ®¾Êo-‘ÇD ÂÃJt-ÂÃ-Gµ«%Cl´ ®¾¢X¶¾Õ¢’Ã Æ«-ÅŒ-J¢-¢C. -“ÂÌ.-¬Á. 1955 ÆÂîd-¦ª½Õ 13Ê ¨ ®¾¢X¶¾Õ¢ ¦µ¼«-¯Ã-EÂË ®¾ªîy-Ÿ¿§ŒÕ ¯Ã§ŒÕ-Â¹×œ¿Õ ‚ÍÃª½u N¯î-¦Ç-¦µÇ„ä ¬Á¢Â¹×²ÄnX¾Ê Íä¬Çª½Õ. Ÿä¬Á¢©ð ÆÅŒÕu-ÊoÅŒ “X¾«Ö-ºÇ©Õ ’¹© ®¾Êo-‘ÇD (100« Âõ¢{Õ) êÂ«©¢ ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ >©Çx©ð «Ö“ÅŒ„äÕ ÅŒ§ŒÖª½Õ ÂÃ«œ¿¢ N¬ì†¾¢. ‘ÇD …ÅŒpAh «u«®¾nÊÕ ¬Ç®ÔY§ŒÕ Ÿ¿%Â¹p-Ÿ±¿¢Åî X¾J-Q-L¢, ŸÄEÂË ²Ä¢êÂ-AÂ¹ “X¾«Ö-ºÇ-©ÊÕ Eª½g-ªá¢ “Â¹«Õ¦Ÿ¿l´¢ Íä®ÏÊ «ÕF†Ï «Õ©ãx-«Õ-œ¿Õ-’¹Õ©ÂîŸ¿¢-œ¿-ªÃ-«Õ-²ÄyNÕ. Âí¢œ¿-X¾-AhÅî Ÿä¬Á¢ „çáÅŒh¢-OÕŸ¿ êÂ«©¢ ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ >©Çx©ð «Ö“ÅŒ„äÕ Âí¢œ¿-X¾-AhE …X¾-§çÖ-T¢* ‘ÇD «²ÄY-©ÊÕ ÅŒ§ŒÖª½Õ Íä®¾Õh-¯Ãoª½Õ. ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Öª½Õ ®¾Êo-‘Ç-DE ª½Ö¤ñ¢-C¢-ÍŒ-œÄ-EÂË «áÈu¢’Ã ÂÃ«-©-®Ï¢C ‹ ÍäX¾-«á©Õx Æ¢˜ä ‚¬Áuª½u¢ Â¹©Õ-’¹Õ-ÅŒÕ¢C. ‘ÇD ÅŒ§ŒÖ-KÂË «áÈu-„çÕiÊ Âí¢œ¿-X¾-Ah-©ðE ‚Â¹×-¤ñ-©ÕxÊÕ Åí©-T¢* ŸÄEE Ÿµ¿’¹-Ÿµ¿’¹ „çÕJ-æ®©Ç Íäæ®C¨ «á©äx. „Ã©Õ’¹Õ ÍäX¾ Ÿ¿«œ¿ ÂË¢C, OÕC ¦µÇ’Ã-©ÊÕ ¬Á“¦µ¼-X¾-J* ‡¢œ¿©ð ‚ª½-¦ãšËd ¯Ã©Õ’¹Õ «áÂ¹ˆ-©Õ’Ã Âî²Ähª½Õ. ÅŒª½Õ-„ÃÅŒ «áÂ¹ˆ-©ÊÕ åXEq©ü å®jV Â¹“ª½-©Â¹× Â¹šËd ŸÄE ®¾£¾É-§ŒÕ¢Åî T¢•©ð …Êo «áœË X¾AhE ¬ÁÙ“¦µ¼¢ Íä²Ähª½Õ. N®¾h-J-®¾ÕhÊo ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Öª½Õ ‘ÇD ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Öª½Õ ‘ÇD ®¾¢®¾n X¾J-Cµ-©ðE 40 “’Ã«Ö-©ðxE „çªáu-«Õ¢C «œ¿ÕÂ¹× X¾E «Õ£ÏÇ-@Á©Õ ¨ ÍäX¾-«á-©ÕxÊÕ „Ãœ¿Õ-ÅŒÕ-¯Ãoª½Õ. ¦Çº¢ «¢šË ²ÄŸµ¿-Ê¢Åî X¾AhE \ÂË, \Â¹×-©Õ’Ã Íä®Ï ªÃ{o¢åXj ®¾ÊošË ÊÖ©Õ B²Ähª½Õ. ƒÂ¹ ®¾Êo-‘ÇD ¤Ä{Öo©Õ, <ª½© ¯äÅŒ X¾J-“¬Á«Õ ƒÂ¹ˆœË X¾{Õd-¬Ç-L-æX{, „Ã¢“œ¿¢T OCµ©ð N•-§ŒÕ-«¢-ÅŒ¢’Ã ÂíÊ-²Ä-’¹Õ-Åî¢C. ¤Ä©-Âí¢œ¿, ®¾¢ÅŒ-Â¹-NšË, ÍÃšÇ-§ŒÕ-«-©-®¾©ðx ÊÖu „çÖœ¿©ü ÍŒª½‘Ç …ÅŒpAh êÂ¢“ŸÄ©Õ X¾E-Íä-®¾Õh-¯Ãoªá. 100 «Õ¢C ¯äÅŒ X¾E-„Ãª½Õ X¾J-“¬Á-«ÕÊÕ Ê«át-ÂíE °«Ê¢ ²ÄT-®¾Õh-¯Ãoª½Õ. X¾ªÃu-{Â¹ êÂ¢“Ÿ¿¢’Ã ‡¢Åî “¤Ä«á‘ÇuEo ¤ñ¢CÊ ¨ X¾J-“¬Á«Õ ÂÌJh ÂËª½-ºÇ©Õ NŸä-¬Ç©ðxÊÖ “X¾®¾-J-®¾Õh-¯Ãoªá. éÂÊœÄ, Æ„çÕ-JÂÃ, •ª½tF, œç¯Ãtªýˆ, ¯Ãêªy, ®Ôyœ¿¯þ, •¤Ä¯þ ÅŒC-ÅŒª½ Ÿä¬Ç© ÊÕ¢* X¾ªÃu-{Â¹ ¦%¢ŸÄ©Õ ƒÂ¹ˆœË ‘ÇD X¾J-“¬Á-«ÕÊÕ ®¾¢Ÿ¿-Jz¢* “X¾¬Á¢-®¾© «ªÃ¥Eo Â¹×J-XÏ-®¾Õh-¯Ãoªá. ÆX¾pšË Æ„çÕ-JÂÃ ÆŸµ¿u-Â¹~×œ¿Õ G©ü ÂËx¢{¯þ å£jÇŸ¿-ªÃ-¦ÇŸ¿Õ «a-Ê-X¾Ûœ¿Õ ªÃ†¾Z “X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy¢ ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Öª½Õ ‘ÇD «²ÄY-©ÊÕ Æ¢Ÿ¿-èä-®Ï¢C. ¯ä†¾-Ê©ü ƒ¯þ-®Ïd-{Öušü ‚X¶ý ¤¶Äu†¾¯þ ˜ãÂÃo-{° (Íç¯çjo, å£jÇŸ¿-ªÃ-¦ÇŸ¿Õ) X¾J-¬ð-Ÿµ¿Ê N¦µÇ’¹¢ NŸÄuª½Õn©Õ ²ÄnEÂ¹ ‘ÇD ®¾¢®¾nÊÕ ®¾¢Ÿ¿-Jz¢ ‘ÇD¯äÅŒ ÂÃJt-Â¹×© £¾Ç®¾h-Â¹@Ç ¯çjX¾Û-ºÇuEo X¾J-Q-L¢* ÅŒÊt-§Œá-©-§ŒÖuª½Õ. œµ¿ÂÃˆ, «Õ>x¯þ «²ÄY-©Åî ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Öª½Õ ‘ÇDE ®¾J-¤ò-©a-«-ÍŒaE èÇ’¹%A («á¢¦ãj) X¾“AÂ¹ “X¾¬Á¢-®Ï¢-¢C. ‘ÇD ÂÃªÃu-©-§ŒÖEo ®¾¢Ÿ¿-Jz¢-Ê ‚ÍÃª½u N¯î-¦Ç-¦µÇ„ä (¤ÄÅŒ “ÅŒ¢) «áÍŒa-{-’í-LæX ‡.‡¯þ.-‚ªý. Æ¢ÍŒÕ-X¾¢-Íç©Õ ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Öª½Õ ‘ÇD©ð ‡.‡¯þ.-‚ªý Æ¢ÍŒÕ X¾¢Íç-©Â¹× «Õ¢ TªÃÂÌ …¢C. ®ÏF Ê{Õœ¿Õ ÆÂËˆ-¯äE ¯Ãê’-¬Áy-ª½-ªÃ«Û ¨ X¾¢Íç-©ÊÕ ÅŒª½ÍŒÖ ÅçXÏp¢-ÍŒÕ-Â¹×¢-šÇª½Õ. ¨ X¾¢Íç© Æ¢ÍŒÕ-©ÊÕ ®¾£¾Ç-“²Ä-«-ŸµÄE «Öœ¿Õ-’¹Õ© ¯Ã’¹-X¶¾-ºË-¬Áª½t £¾Ç¢®¾-©Åî ¤ò©Çaª½Õ. ¨ „äÕª½Â¹× ‘ÇD ÂÃªÃu-©§ŒÕ¢ ®¾¢Ÿ¿-ª½z-Â¹×© X¾Û®¾h-Â¹¢©ð ‹ «Õ¢* Â¹NÅŒÊÖ ªÃ¬Çª½Õ. ‡¯îo «®¾Y “X¾Ÿ¿-ª½zÊ©ðx -“ÂÌ.-¬Á.1972©ð ÊÖuœµË-Mx©ð ‚®Ï§ŒÖ 72 ‡Tb-G-†¾¯þ “’õ¢œþq©ð \ªÃp{Õ Íä®ÏÊ £¾Ç®¾h-Â¹@Ç “X¾Ÿ¿-ª½z-Ê©ð ÆX¾pšË “X¾ŸµÄE ƒ¢CªÃ ’Ã¢Dµ ®¾y§ŒÕ¢’Ã ¤Ä©ï_E ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Öª½Õ ‘ÇD …ÅŒp-ÅŒÕh-©ÊÕ A©-ÂË¢* X¾Û©-ÂË¢--¤ò-§ŒÖª½Õ. ’Ã¢Dµ «ÕÊÕ-«Õ-ªÃ©Õ ÅÃªÃ’Ã¢Dµ éª¢œ¿Õ-²Äª½Õx ƒÂ¹ˆœË X¾J-“¬Á-«ÕÊÕ ®¾¢Ÿ¿-Jz¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ¨ ®¾¢Ÿ¿-ª½s´¢’Ã ‘ÇD ÂÃJt-Â¹×© ®¾¢êÂ~«Õ¢ Âî®¾¢ ª½Ö.30,000 ‚JnÂ¹ ²Ä§ŒÖEo Æ¢C¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ‘ÇD ŠÂ¹ «®¾Y¢ «Ö“ÅŒ„äÕ ÂÃŸ¿E, EèÇ-ªá-BÂË ®¾ÖÂ¹, ®¾¢êÂ-ÅŒ¢’Ã E©Õ-®¾Õh¢-Ÿ¿E Æ¯Ãoª½Õ. ÅŒÊ ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Öª½Õ ®¾¢Ÿ¿-ª½zÊ Aª½Õ-X¾-AE ®¾¢Ÿ¿-Jz¢--Ê¢-ÅŒšË ‚Ê¢-ŸÄEo Â¹L_¢-¢-Ÿ¿E æXªíˆ-¯Ãoª½Õ. \šÇ ª½Ö. ÂîšË N©Õ-«-Íäæ® «²ÄY© …ÅŒpAh \šÇ ª½Ö. ÂîšË N©Õ« Íäæ® «²ÄY-©ÊÕ ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Öª½Õ ‘ÇD ®¾¢®¾n …ÅŒpAh Íä²òh¢C. ¤Ä{Öo©Õ X¾¢Íç©Õ, •K Â¹×X¾pœ¿¢ <ª½©Õ ÍÃ©Ç “X¾®ÏCl´ éÂÂÃˆªá. †¾Jd¢-’¹Õ©Â¹Ø TªÃÂÌ …¢C. ‘ÇDÂË ®¾«Ö¢-ÅŒ-ª½¢’Ã …ÅŒpAh Æ«Û-ÅŒÕÊo ÊÂËM ‘ÇD ¨ X¾J-“¬Á-«ÕÊÕ Ÿç¦s-B-²òh¢C. …Ÿ¿u-«Ö© ’¹œ¿f ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ Ÿä¬Á¢©ð ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ >©ÇxÂ¹× “X¾ÅäuÂ¹ ²ÄnÊ-«á¢C. ¯äšË NX¾x« ¤ÄKd-©Â¹× ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ >©ÇxÅî ‡Ê-©äE ®¾¢¦¢-Ÿµ¿-«á¢C. Ÿä¬Á-ÍŒ-J-“ÅŒ-©ð¯ä ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×-@ð-Ÿ¿u«Õ¢ ÂÌ©-Â¹-„çÕi-ÊC. 1967©ð ¦µ¼Ö²Äy-«á© åXÅŒh-¯Ã-EÂË «uAêª-Â¹¢’Ã …Ÿ¿u«Õ¢ “¤Äª½¢-¦µ¼„çÕi¢C. ®ÔXÔ‰ (‡¢‡©ü) …«ÕtœË ¤ÄKd’Ã …Êo-X¾Ûpœ¿Õ ¤Äª½y-B-X¾Ûª½¢ “¤Ä¢ÅÃ-EÂË Íç¢CÊ „äÕœËŸ¿ ®¾ÅŒu¢ Æ¯ä ¦µ¼Ö²Äu-NÕÂË «uA-êª-Â¹¢’Ã TJ-•-ÊÕ©Õ ¤òªÃ-šÇ-EÂË C’Ãª½Õ. „ÃJÂË ‡¢‡©ü ¤ÄKd Æ¢œ¿’Ã EL-¢C. >©ÇxÂ¹× Íç¢CÊ …Ÿ¿u-«Õ-ÂÃ-ª½Õ-©¢ÅÃ TJ-•-ÊÕ-©Â¹× ¦Ç®¾-{’Ã EL-ÍÃª½Õ. D¢Åî N•-§ŒÕ-Ê-’¹ª½¢ „çá¢œç¢-éÂ©Õ “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢©ð„ç¢X¾-šÇX¾Û ®¾ÅŒu¢, ‚C-¦µ¼{x éÂj©Ç®¾¢ «¢šË ¯Ã§ŒÕ-Â¹×© ²Äª½-Ÿ±¿u¢©ð TJ-•Ê «Õ£¾É-®¾¦µ¼ Eª½y£ÏÇ¢ÍÃª½Õ. ‚ ®¾¦µ¼Â¹× „çRx-«-®¾Õh¢-œ¿’Ã •J-TÊ ¤òM®¾Õ ÂÃ©Õp©ðx ¤ÄKdÂË Íç¢CÊ Âîª½Êo, «Õ¢’¹Êo©Õ «Õ%A Íç¢ŸÄª½Õ. D¢Åî …Ÿ¿u«Õ¢ B“«-ª½ÖX¾¢ ŸÄLq¢C. ÆX¾Ûpœä ÊÂ¹q-©ü-¦K …Ÿ¿u«Õ¢ „çáŸ¿-©-ªáu¢C. 1968 Ê«¢-¦ªý 25Ê ÅÃ«Öœ¿ ’¹º-X¾-AE ‡¯þ-Âõ¢-{ªý Íä§ŒÕ’Ã Ê«¢-¦ªý 25ÊÕ ²Ä§ŒáŸµ¿ CÊ¢’Ã “X¾Â¹-šË¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ÅŒŸ¿-Ê¢-ÅŒª½¢ 1969 Ê«¢-¦ªý 25Ê «“•-X¾Û-Âí-ÅŒÖhª½Õ «Õ¢œ¿©¢ ’¹ª½Õ-œ¿-¦-“Ÿ¿Â¹× Íç¢CÊ ¦µ¼Ö²ÄuNÕ «ÕCl ÂÃ„äÕ-¬üÂ¹× Íç¢CÊ ¦µ¼Ö«á©ðx …ŸÄlÊ¢ “¤Ä¢ÅÃ-EÂË Íç¢CÊ Â¹ØM©Õ «J-X¾¢-{ÊÕ ²ÄyDµÊ¢ Íä®¾Õ-Â¹×-¯Ãoª½Õ. D¢Åî ®¾Õ«Öª½Õ 2000 «Õ¢CE Æéª®¾Õd Íä®Ï å®¢“{©ü èãj©ðx åXšÇdª½Õ. ÆX¾pšðx ¦ïœ¿f-¤Äœ¿Õ “¤Ä¢ÅÃEÂË Íç¢CÊ X¾Ûª½Õ-†¾ß-©¢ÅÃ èãj©ðx …¢œ¿-{¢Åî ‡«ª½Õ ÍŒE-¤ò-ªá¯Ã ‚“’Ã«Õ «Õ£ÏÇ-@Á©ä Ÿ¿£¾ÇÊ ®¾¢®¾ˆ-ª½-º©Õ Íäæ®-„Ãª½Õ. ²ò¢æX{ “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢©ð •J-TÊ êÂ¢“Ÿ¿-Â¹-NÕšÌ ®¾«Ö-„ä-¬Ç-EÂË „çRx «®¾Õh¢-œ¿’Ã ª½¢’¹-«Õ-šË§ŒÖ “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢©ð ¤òM-®¾Õ©Õ •J-XÏÊ ÂÃ©Õp©ðx …Ÿ¿u-«Ö-EÂË ÂÌ©Â¹ ¯äÅŒ-©ãjÊ X¾¢ÍÃC Â¹%†¾g-«â-Jh-Åî-¤Ä{Õ «Õªî ‚ª½Õ-’¹Õª½Õ «Õ%A Íç¢ŸÄª½Õ. ¤Äª½y-B-X¾Ûª½¢, ¤ÄÅŒX¾{o¢, ²Äª½-«-Âî{, ²Ä©Öª½Õ, ²ò¢æX{, X¾©Ç®¾, «Õ¢Ÿ¿®¾ «¢šË “¤Ä¢ÅÃ©ðx …Ÿ¿u«Õ¢ B“«-ÅŒª½¢ ŸÄLa¢C. D¢Åî «ª½Õ-®¾’Ã •J-TÊ ¤òM®¾Õ ÂÃ©Õp©Õ ®¾¢Ÿ¿-ª½s´¢’Ã „ç¢X¾-šÇX¾Û ®¾ÅŒu¢, ‚C-¦µ¼{x éÂj©Ç®¾¢, ®¾Õ¦Çs-ªÃ«Û ¤ÄºË-“’Ã£ÏÇ «¢šË Æ“’¹-¯Ã-§ŒÕ-Â¹×©Õ “¤ÄºÇ©Õ Âî©ðp-§ŒÖª½Õ. ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ ÊÂ¹q©ü¦K …Ÿ¿u-«Õ¢©ð ®¾Õ«Öª½Õ 400 «Õ¢C «ª½Â¹× “¤ÄºÇ©Õ Âî©ðp-§ŒÖª½Õ. ÅŒŸ¿-Ê¢-ÅŒª½¢ «Ö„î-ªá®ýd ¤ÄKd©ð ’¹ÅŒ 20 \@Áx©ð ®¾Õ«Öª½Õ 80 «Õ¢C «ª½Â¹× «Õ%A Íç¢ŸÄª½Õ. “X¾®¾ÕhÅŒ¢ …ŸÄlÊ “¤Ä¢ÅÃ-EÂË Íç¢CÊ „Ãª½Õ ‡E-NÕC «Õ¢C «ª½Â¹× ÆèÇcÅŒ °NÅŒ¢ ’¹œ¿Õ-X¾Û-ÅŒÕ-¯Ãoª½Õ. Ÿ±¿ª½t©ü ¤òªÃ-šÇ©Õ...* ²ò¢æX{ H©©ð ¯Ã’Ã-ª½ÕbÊ EªÃtº ®¾¢®¾n Ÿ±¿ª½t©ü “¤Äèã-Â¹×dÂ¹× «uA-êª-Â¹¢’Ã ÆÂ¹ˆœË “X¾•©Õ éª¢œ¿Õ-Êo-êª-@ÁÙx’Ã …Ÿ¿u-NÕ-®¾Õh-¯Ãoª½Õ. ƒC 2010 V©ãj 14Ê ¤òM®¾Õ ÂÃ©Õp-©Â¹× ŸÄJ-B-®Ï¢C. ¨ Ÿ¿Õª½`-{-Ê©ð «á’¹Õ_ª½Õ ÍŒE-¤ò’Ã... «¢Ÿ¿-©Ç-C-«Õ¢C ’Ã§ŒÕ-X¾-œÄfª½Õ. 2011 X¶Ï“¦-«-J©ð ®¾¢ÅŒ-¦ï-«ÖtR «Õ¢œ¿©¢ ÂÃÂ¹-ªÃ-X¾Lx ÅŒ¢X¾ª½ ¦µ¼Ö«á©ðx ¨®ýd-Âî®ýd ‡ÊKb ®¾¢®¾n EJt¢-ÍŒ-ÊÕÊo Ÿ±¿ª½t©ü “¤Äèã-Â¹×dÂ¹× «uA-êª-Â¹¢’Ã ¤òªÃ-œ¿Õ-ÅŒÕÊo •Ê¢åXj ¤òM-®¾Õ©Õ ÂÃ©Õp©Õ •J-¤Äª½Õ. ¨ Ÿ¿Õª½`-{-Ê©ð ƒŸ¿lª½Õ ÍŒE-¤ò-§ŒÖª½Õ. Oª½-X¶¾Õ{d¢ ÊÕ¢* N¬Çy¢-ÅŒ-ªÃ-©Â¹×.. Âî-œË ªÃ-«ât-Jh -¯Ã-§Œá-œ¿Õ Æª½„çj \@Áx “ÂËÅŒ¢.. ÆC ¦ã¯Ã-ª½®ý N¬Áy-N-ŸÄu-©§ŒÕ¢ ÅíL „çj®ý-ÍµÃ-Êq-©ªý X¾¢œËšü «ÕŸ¿-Ê-„çÖ-£¾ÇÊ «Ö©-O§ŒÕ †¾†Ïd-X¾ÜJh …ÅŒq-«-„ä-CÂ¹. ‚ „äCÂ¹ «á¢Ÿ¿Õ «Õ£¾É-ÅŒt-’Ã¢Dµ, •«-£¾Ç-ªý-©Ç-©ü-¯ç-“£¾ÞÅî ¤Ä{Õ èÇA ª½ÅÃo-©-Ê-Ÿ¿-TÊ ¯Ã§ŒÕ-Â¹×©Õ.. «Õ£¾É-ªÃ-V©Õ.. •OÕ¢-ŸÄª½Õx... ’¹«-ª½oª½Õx.. NŸÄu-„ä-ÅŒh©Õ.. ‡¢Ÿ¿-éª¢-Ÿ¿ªî “X¾«á-ÈÕ©Õ.. ‚ „äC-Â¹åXj …ÊoC «á’¹Õ_êª. ŠÂ¹ª½Õ «Ö©-O§ŒÕ, «Õªí-Â¹ª½Õ ÂîœË ªÃ«ât-Jh-¯Ã-§Œáœ¿Õ, ƒ¢Âí-Â¹ª½Õ ¦ã¯Ã-ª½®ý §ŒâE-«-JzšÌ £ÏÇ¢D “¤ñåX¶-®¾ªý. «Ö©-O§ŒÕ \œÄ-C-¤Ä{Õ ÂîœË ªÃ«ât-Jh-¯Ã-§Œá-œËE ÆAC±’Ã ‚Ÿ¿-J¢* ‚ N¬Áy-N-ŸÄu-©§ŒÕ „Ãu§ŒÖ«Õ PÂ¹~º ¦%¢ŸÄ-EÂË ®¾©-£¾É-ŸÄ-ª½Õ’Ã E§ŒÕ-NÕ¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ÅŒÊ †¾†Ïd-X¾ÜJh …ÅŒq-«¢©ð ªÃ«ât-Jh-¯Ã-§Œá-œËE ‡¢Åî X¶¾ÕÊ¢’Ã ®¾ÅŒˆ-J¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ‡Â¹ˆœ¿ Oª½-X¶¾Õ{d¢! ‡Â¹ˆœ¿ ¦ã¯Ã-ª½®ý!! ‡Â¹ˆœ¿ ¯Ã’Ã-«R! ‡Â¹ˆœ¿ ’¹¢’¹!! ªÃ«âtJh ¯Ã§Œá-œËÂË ŠÂ¹ˆ ¦ã¯Ã-ª½-®ý-©ð¯ä ÂÃŸ¿Õ X¾¢ÍŒ-«Õ-èÇªýb ÍŒ“Â¹-«Jh ÍäÅŒÕ© OÕŸ¿Õ’Ã ÆX¾pšË «Õ“ŸÄ-®¾Õ©ð 'ƒ¢œË-§ŒÕ¯þ ¬Ç¢œîÑ Gª½ÕŸ¿Õ, ¦¢’Ãª½Õ X¾ÅŒ-ÂÃ© Âî{Õ, Ê«-ª½ÅŒo ÈÅŒ ¦¢’Ãª½Õ Â¹¢Â¹º¢ “X¾ŸÄÊ¢ Íä¬Çª½Õ. ©¢œ¿-¯þ-©ðÊÖ èÇJb ®¾ÅŒˆ-J¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ª½¢’¹Ö-¯þ©ð ¤ùª½-®¾-¯ÃtÊ¢ Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-Â¹×-¯Ãoª½Õ. „Ãu§ŒÖ-«Õ-¬Ç®¾Y ‚ÍÃª½u Gª½ÕŸ¿Õ ¤ñ¢ŸÄª½Õ. å®pªá¯þ, ªî„þÕ, Íçj¯Ã Ÿä¬Ç©ðx ®¾¯Ãt-¯Ã©Õ.. Â¹©-Â¹ÅÃh, Â¹{Âú, „çÕi®¾Öªý, ¦ï¢¦Çªá X¾{d-ºÇ©ðx ®¾ÅÃˆ-ªÃ©Õ.. Â¹L-§Œá’¹ Hµ«áœ¿Õ, •’¹-Ÿä-Â¹-«Õ-©Õxœ¿Õ, ƒ¢œË-§ŒÕ¯þ å£Çª½Õˆu-©®ý, «Õ©x «Õ£¾É-«Ö-ªÃh¢œ¿... ƒ©Ç ‡¯îo Gª½Õ-Ÿ¿Õ©Õ, ‡¯ço¯îo ¦¢’Ã-ª½Õ-X¾-ÅŒ-ÂÃ©Õ, ¦µÇª½-ÅŒ-Ÿä¬Á ¤ùª½Õ³ÄEÂË, ²Ä£¾Ç-²Ä-EÂË «âœ¿Õ-Ÿ¿-¬Ç-¦Çl-©-¤Ä{Õ \éÂjÂ¹ “X¾A-ECµ ÂîœË ªÃ«ât-Jh-¯Ã-§Œáœ¿Õ. Oª½-X¶¾ÕšÇd¢ ªÃA-Íç-ª½Õ«Û ’¹{Õd ÊÕ¢ N•-§ŒÕ-Ê-’¹ª½¢ Æ§ŒÕu-Âî-¯äª½Õ.. ‚ «Üª½Õ ÅÃL¢-‘Ç¯Ã ÊÕ¢* «Õ£¾É-ªÃ-èÇ-Â¹-@Ç-¬Ç©.. ÆÂ¹ˆœË ÊÕ¢* «ÕŸ¿-ªÃ®ý ®¾§ŒÕuŸþ „Ãu§ŒÖ«Õ PÂ¹~º Â¹@Ç-¬Ç-©©ðx PÂ¹~º. ®¾y§ŒÕ¢-Â¹%-†ÏÅî “X¾X¾¢-ÍÃEo ‚¬Áa-ª½u-X¾-JÍä “X¾A-¦µ¼ÊÕ “X¾Ÿ¿-Jz¢-ÍÃª½Õ ªÃ«ât-Jh-¯Ã-§Œáœ¿Õ. ²Ä«á-’¹-J-œÎ©Õ, Â¹×®Ôh© «¢šË ®¾yŸäQ „çÕ©-Â¹×-«© ÊÕ¢* æXª½x-ªý-¦Çªý, £¾ÉJ-èÇ¢-{-©ü-¦Çªý, ªî«Õ-¯þ-ªÃ’ûq «¢šË NŸäQ „çÕ©-Â¹×-«©ÊÖ ¯äª½Õa-Â¹×¯Ão, ‚§ŒÕEo «Õ£¾É-¦-©Õ-œËE Íä®Ï¢C «Ö“ÅŒ¢ ¦µÇª½-B§ŒÕ §çÖ’¹-¬Ç®¾Y¢. “¤ÄºÇ-§ŒÖ«Õ¢, •©, „Ã§Œá-®¾n¢-¦µ¼Ê NŸ¿u-©ÊÕ ¬ÇK-ª½Â¹ ¦©-“X¾-Ÿ¿-ª½z-Ê-©Â¹× èðœË¢-ÍŒœ¿¢ «©x¯ä ‚§ŒÕÊ •’¹-ŸäÂ¹ «Õ©Õx-œ¿-§ŒÖuª½Õ. 'ªÃ«ât-Jh-¯Ã-§Œáœ¿Õ ®¾ª½ˆ®ý Â¹¢åXFÑ ®¾ª½ˆ®ý Â¹¢åXF Ÿä¬Á-N-Ÿä-¬Ç©Õ X¾ª½u-šË¢* ÍŒJ“ÅŒ ®¾%†Ïd¢-¢C. …Â¹×ˆ ’í©Õ-®¾Õ-©ÊÕ ¬ÁK-ªÃ-EÂË ÍŒÕ{Õd-ÂíE, XÏJ GT¢ „ÃšËE X¾{-X¾šÇ Åç¢ÍŒœ¿¢, ¦¢X¾ª½Õx X¾{Õd-ÂíE éª¢œ¿Õ ÍäÅŒÕ-©Åî éª¢œ¿Õ-ÂÃ-ª½xÊÕ EL-XÏ-„ä-§ŒÕœ¿¢, åXŸ¿l-¦¢-œ¿-ªÃ-AE ÍµÃBåXj …¢ÍŒÕ-ÂíE, ®¾„çÕt-{-©Åî «áÂ¹ˆ©Õ Íäªá¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-«œ¿¢, “X¾Ÿ¿-ª½zÊ «J Æ¢¬Á¢’Ã ¯ä©åXj X¾œ¿Õ-ÂíE, ÍµÃAåXj ÍçÂ¹ˆ ¦©xÊÕ „äªá¢, \ÊÕ-’¹ÕÊÕ ÆªáŸ¿Õ ENÕ-³Ä©Õ E©-¦ã-{Õd-Âî-«œ¿¢... ªÃ«ât-Jh-¯Ã-§Œáœ¿Õ ²Ä£¾Ç®¾ “X¾Ÿ¿-ª½z-Ê©ðx ƒN “X¾ŸµÄ-Ê-„çÕi-ÊN. ‚§ŒÕÊ ¬ÁÂËh, ÂÌJh Âí¢Ÿ¿-JÂË Æ®¾Ö§ŒÕ Â¹L-T¢-ÍŒ-œ¿¢Åî ÂíEo £¾ÇÅÃu-“X¾-§ŒÕ-ÅÃo©Õ Â¹ØœÄ •J-’Ãªá. ©¢œ¿-¯þ©ð \ÊÕ’¹Õ X¶Ôšü Íä®¾Õh-Êo-X¾Ûpœ¿Õ ŠÂ¹ “Ÿî£ÏÇ ¦©-£ÔÇ-Ê-„çÕiÊ ÍçÂ¹ˆÊÕ ÍµÃAåXj åXšÇdœ¿Õ. \ÊÕ’¹Õ ‡Â¹ˆ-’Ã¯ä, ÍçÂ¹ˆ NJT ‚§ŒÕÊ X¾Â¹ˆ-˜ã-«á-Â¹-©ðxÂË C’¹-¦-œË¢C. ¬Á®¾Y--ÂËÅŒq Íäªá¢-ÍŒÕ-ÂíE éª¢œ¿Õ ¯ç©-©-¤Ä{Õ ‚§ŒÕÊ ©¢œ¿-¯þ-©ð¯ä …¢œË-¤ò-„ÃLq «a¢C. «Õªî-²ÄJ ª½¢’¹Ö-¯þ©ð £¾ÇÅÃu-“X¾-§ŒÕÅŒo¢ Íä®ÏÊ «uÂ¹×h-©ÊÕ ÅŒ-Â¹-¦ÇC, ®¾Õª½-ÂË~-ÅŒ¢’Ã ¦§ŒÕ-{-X¾-œÄfª½Õ. «Ö©Çˆ-Ê-’¹-ª½¢©ð ¦µÇª½-ÅŒ¢©ð Hµ«áœË «ÖC-J’Ã N†¾-“X¾-§çÖ-’ÃEo Â¹ØœÄ ‡Ÿ¿Õ-ªíˆ-¯Ãoª½Õ. ŠÂ¹ N¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð N†¾¢ Â¹L-XÏÊ ¤Ä©Õ ÅÃ’Ãª½Õ. ÆX¾Ûpœ¿Õ ‚§ŒÕEo ÂÃ¤Ä-œË¢C §çÖ’¹ NŸäu. N³ÄEo °Jg¢-ÍŒÕ-ÂíE «â“ÅŒ¢ ŸÄyªÃ N®¾-Jb¢-ÍÃª½Õ. “X¾X¾¢-ÍŒ¢©ð ‡¢Ÿ¿ªî «Õ©x-§çÖ-Ÿµ¿Õ©Õ ‚§ŒÕ-ÊÅî ÅŒ©-X¾-œÄ-©E ÅŒX¾Ê X¾œä-„Ãª½Õ. ‚§ŒÕÊ ÍäA©ð ‹{-NÕE ’õª½-«¢’Ã ¦µÇN¢-Íä-„Ãª½Õ. Âí¢Ÿ¿ª½Õ Æ£¾Ç¢-ÂÃ-ª½¢Åî ¤òšÌÂË ®¾„Ã©Õ Íäæ®h, ÅŒÊ P†¾ßu-©-Åî¯ä „ÃJE ‹œË¢-ÍÃª½Õ ªÃ«ât-Jh-¯Ã-§Œáœ¿Õ. ‚§ŒÕÊ P†¾ßu©ðx ’íX¾p «²Äh-Ÿ¿Õ-©Õ¢-œä-„Ãª½Õ. “X¾X¾¢-ÍŒ¢©ð ’íX¾p «Õ©x-§çÖ-Ÿµ¿Õ-œË’Ã æXªí¢-CÊ '’Ã«ÖÑ ‹²ÄJ ªÃ«ât-Jh-¯Ã-§Œá-œ¿ÕÅî ¤òšÌÂË «ÍÃaœ¿Õ. ªÃ«ât-Jh-¯Ã-§Œáœ¿Õ ÅŒÊ ªîV-„ÃJ “¤ÄÂÌd-®¾Õ©ð ¦µÇ’¹¢’Ã ’¹ÕÊ-¤Ä-©Åî •œ¿©Õ Æ©xœ¿¢, åXŸ¿l ƒÊÕX¾ ’¹Õ¢œ¿ÕÊÕ ÂÃ@ÁxÅî ‚œ¿{¢ Íäæ®-„Ãª½Õ. ‚§ŒÕÊ P†¾ßu©Õ '’Ã«ÖÑÂ¹× „ÃšËE ÍŒÖXÏ¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ’¹ÕÊ-¤Ä© •œ¿-©ÊÕ ®¾J-Íä-§ŒÕ-©äÂ¹, ƒÊÕ-X¾-’¹Õ¢-œ¿ÕÊÕ éª¢œ¿Õ ÍäÅŒÕ-©Åî ‡ÅŒh-©äÂ¹, '’Ã«ÖÑ «-ª½Â¹× Â¹×®Ôh-¤ò-šÌ-©ðxÊÖ ªÃ«ât-Jh-¯Ã-§ŒáœË P†¾ßu© ÍäA©ð ÅŒÕh’Ã ‹œË-¤ò-§ŒÖœ¿Õ. ¨ ÅŒª½Õ-„ÃÅŒ ®Ï’¹Õ_-X¾œË, ‚§ŒÕÊ P†¾ßu-œË’Ã «ÖJ-¤ò-§ŒÖœ¿Õ. ªÃ«ât-Jh-¯Ã-§Œá-œËE •OÕ¢-ŸÄª½Õx, “GšÌ†ý ÆCµ-ÂÃ-ª½Õ©Õ ‡Â¹×ˆ-«’Ã ‚Ÿ¿-J¢-ÍÃª½Õ. N•-§ŒÕ-Ê-’¹ª½¢ •NÕ¢-ŸÄªý Æ©-Â¹-Ê¢Ÿ¿ ’¹•-X¾A “¤òÅÃq-£¾Ç¢Åî “¤Äª½¢-¦µ¼-„çÕiÊ ‚§ŒÕÊ „çj¦µ¼«¢, ¦ï©¢-Uªý •NÕ¢-ŸÄ-ªý-²Än-Ê¢©ð Â¹ÊÕo-«âæ® ®¾JÂË X¾ÜJh’Ã Æ¢ÅŒ-J¢-¢C. ‹ «Ö{©ð Íç¤Äp-©¢˜ä, «Õ©x-N-Ÿ¿u©ð “X¾X¾¢-ÍÃ¯äo •ªá¢-Ê ¨ •’¹-ŸäÂ¹ «Õ©Õxœ¿Õ °NÅŒ ÍŒª½-«Ö¢Â¹¢ ÍäA©ð ÅŒÕh’Ã ‹œË-¤ò-§ŒÖœ¿Õ. ÂÃLåXj X¾ÛšËdÊ Êo Â¹×ª½ÕX¾Û åXŸ¿l X¾Û¢œ¿Õ’Ã «ÖJ «-ª½Â¹× XÏÂ¹ˆ© «ª½Â¹× ÂÃ©ÕÊÕ Åí©-T¢-ÍÃLq «a¢C. ¦ï¢¦Çªá ‚®¾Õ-X¾-“A©ð ¬Á®¾Y--ÂËÅŒq Íä®¾Õh-Êo-X¾Ûpœ¿Õ «ÕÅŒÕh-«Õ¢Ÿ¿Õ Â¹ØœÄ B®¾Õ-Âî-Â¹×¢œÄ, “¤ÄºÇ-§ŒÖ-«Õ¢-Åî¯ä ‚ ¦ÇŸµ¿ÊÕ «ÕJ--¤ò-§ŒÖª½Õ. ÆX¾pšË ÊÕ¢ ‚§ŒÕÊ Â¹³Äd©Õ „çáŸ¿-©-§ŒÖuªá. ®¾¢¤Ä-Ÿ¿Ê ŸÄÊ, Ÿµ¿ªÃt-©Â¹× ¤ò’Ã NÕT-LÊ ‚®¾Õh-©ÊÕ „Ãª½-®¾Õ-©-«Õ¢{Ö Âí¢Ÿ¿ª½Õ X¾{Õd-Â¹×-¤ò-§ŒÖª½Õ. èÇJb ÍŒ“Â¹-«Jh ƒaÊ ¦¢’Ãª½Õ X¾ÅŒÂ¹¢ «Õ“ŸÄ®¾Õ©ð …¢œË-¤ò-ªá¢C. ‚§ŒÕÊ ÂÃ©ÕÊÕ Bæ®-®ÏÊ ÅŒª½Õ-„ÃÅŒ «-J-²Ä-J’Ã Oª½-X¶¾Õ{d¢ «a NÕ“ÅŒÕ-©ÊÕ ÍŒÖ®Ï „ç@Çxª½Õ. ŠÂ¹-¯ÃšË NÕ“ÅŒÕ-©ãjÊ •OÕ¢-ŸÄ-ª½xÊÕ Â¹©Õ-®¾Õ-Â¹×-¯Ãoª½Õ. ‚§ŒÕÊ Â¹L-®ÏÊ «J •OÕ¢-ŸÄªý ŠJ-²Äq-©ðE ¦ï©¢-Uªý. 1942 •Ê-«J ¦µðT X¾¢œ¿Õ’¹.. ‚ ªîV ªÃ“A ‚§ŒÕÊ „ç¢{ …ÊoC ŠêÂ P†¾ßuœ¿Õ.. ‚§ŒÕÊ N•-§ŒÕ-Ê-’¹-ªÃ-EÂË Íç¢CÊ ÂÃ@Áx åXŸ¿-X¾pÊo. ‚ ªÃ“A Âí¢Íç¢æ®X¾Û ÅŒ©-X¾-{d-«ÕE P†¾ßu-EÂË ÍçXÏp, ÅÃÊÕ ©äÍä-«-ª½Â¹× ©äX¾-«-Ÿ¿lE ÍçXÏp X¾¢XÏ¢-ÍÃª½Õ ªÃ«ât-Jh-¯Ã-§Œáœ¿Õ. «Õª½Õ-¯Ãœ¿Õ ®¾¢“ÂÃ¢A.. ÂÃE ‚§ŒÕÊ E“Ÿ¿ ©ä«-©äŸ¿Õ. ÆŸä ‚§ŒÕÊ ¬Ç¬Áy-ÅŒ-E“Ÿ¿. ®¾¢“ÂÃ¢-A-Åî¯ä °N-ÅÃ-EÂË ®¾«ÖXÏh. ÂÃE “X¾X¾¢-ÍÃEo •ªá¢-Ê ÂÌJh ¦µÇª½-ÅŒ-Ÿä-¬Ç-EÂË NÕT-LaÊ Æ«Õ-ª½-°-N-ÅŒ-«ÕC. ¦Ç©-’¹¢-’Ã-Ÿµ¿ªý A©Âú ÍäÅŒÕ-©-OÕ-Ÿ¿Õ’Ã “¦AÂË …Êo-X¾Ûpœ¿Õ Â¹ª½Öpª½ £¾Éª½-ÅŒÕ©Õ Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-Â¹×Êo ÂîœË-ªÃ-«ât-Jh-¯Ã-§Œáœ¿Õ «Õª½-ºÇ-Ê¢-ÅŒª½¢ Â¹ØœÄ «ÕÊ FªÃ-•-¯Ã-©¢-Ÿ¿Õ-Âí¯ä …¢šÇª½Õ. ¦ã¢’¹Õ-@ÁÚ-ª½Õ©ð ªÃ«ât-Jh-¯Ã-§Œáœ¿Õ ®ÔZšü, N•-§ŒÕ-Ê-’¹-ª½¢©ð ÂîœË-ªÃ-«ât-Jh-¯Ã-§Œáœ¿Õ „Ãu§ŒÖ-«Õ-¬Ç©, ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×-@Á¢©ð ÂîœË-ªÃ-«ât-Jh-¯Ã-§Œáœ¿Õ æ®dœË§ŒÕ¢ ƒ©Ç ÂíEo ‚§ŒÕÊ ’¹Õª½Õh-©Õ’Ã NÕTL …¯Ãoªá. 1916©ð „çÕi®¾Öª½Õ ®¾¢®¾ˆ%A Â¹@Ç-¬Ç© NŸÄu-Jn’Ã …Êo-X¾Ûpœ¿Õ Æ¦ÖsJ ªÃ«Õ-Â¹%-³Äg-ªÃ«Û, ªÃ«ât-Jh-¯Ã-§ŒáœË ®¾¯Ãt-Ê-®¾-¦µ¼©ð X¾¢ÍŒ-ª½-ÅÃo©Õ ÍŒC-„Ãª½Õ. ‚§ŒÕÊ ‹ X¾Ÿ¿u¢©ð.. ''¦Ç£¾Çu-Ÿä-£¾ÇX¾Û ÍŒ“Â¹-«-JhN F«Û ‚ÅŒt “X¾X¾Û-©xÅŒ ¯ÃJb¢--¯Ã«Û ÆEo NŸµ¿¢-¦Õ-©¯þÑÑ Æ¯Ãoª½Õ. ‚ X¾ŸÄ-©ðx¯ä ªÃ«ât-Jh-¯Ã-§Œáœ¿Õ Ÿä¬Ç-EÂË NÕT-LaÊ ÂÌJh Â¹E-XÏ-®¾Õh¢C. “X¾X¾¢ÍŒ “ÂÌœÄ-«-E©ð ’¹Õ¦Ç-R¢-Ê Åç©Õ’¹Õ '«ÕLxÑ Æ¢ÅŒ-ªÃb-B§ŒÕ ²Änªá©ð Æ¢ÅŒ¢ÅŒ «Ö“ÅŒ¢’Ã …Êo ¦µÇª½ÅŒ “ÂÌœÄ Âõ¬Á-©ÇEo, ®¾«á-Êo-ÅŒ-²Än-¯Ã-EÂË B®¾Õ-Â¹×-„ç-@ìx¢-Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× ŠÂ¹ “Ÿµ¿Õ«-ÅÃª½ „çL-T¢C.. ŠÂ¹ «Öª½Õ-«â© X¾©ãx©ð •Et¢, Åç©Õ-’¹Õ-„ÃJ ÂÌJh “X¾A-†¾-d-©ÊÕ ƒÊÕ-«Õ-œË¢-X¾-èä-æ®¢-Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× „çL-TÊ ‚ “Ÿµ¿Õ«-ÅÃêª Â¹ª½º¢ «ÕMx-¬ÁyJ.. «Õ£ÏÇ-@Á-©ã-«yª½Ö ‚®¾-ÂËh-ÍŒÖ-X¾E Ÿ¿¬Á©ð „çªá-šü-L-X¶Ïd¢’û “ÂÌœ¿©ð Æ®¾-«ÖÊ “X¾A¦µ¼ Â¹Ê-¦-J, «Õ£ÏÇ-@Á©Õ Æ¦-©©Õ ÂÃŸ¿Õ ®¾--¦-©©Õ ÆE ª½ÕV«Û Íä§ŒÕ-œ¿„äÕ ÂÃÂ¹×¢œÄ «Õéª¢-Ÿ¿ªî «Õ£ÏÇ-@Á-©Â¹× ®¾Öp´Jh’Ã EL-ÍÃ-ªÃ„çÕ. ÅŒ¢“œË «Õ¯î-£¾Çªý éªj©äy ÂÃE-æ®d-¦Õ©ü. ÅŒLx ¬Çu«Õ-©Ç-ŸäN ²ÄŸµÄ-ª½º ’¹%£ÏÇºË. ÅŒÖhª½Õ >©Çx-©ðE ÅŒ«-º¢-X¾Lx ÅÃ©ÖÂÃ Â¹{d-ÂË¢Ÿ¿ X¾Lx-“’Ã«Õ¢ «ÕMx-¬ÁyJ •Êt-®¾n©¢. ÅŒ¢“œË «%Ah-KÅÃu ‚«Õ-ŸÄ-©-«-©®¾ éªj©äy-æ®d-†¾-¯þÂ¹× ¦CM ÂÃ«-œ¿¢Åî Â¹×{Õ¢¦¢ ƒÂ¹ˆ-œ¿Â¹× «Íäa-®Ï¢C. E“ŸÄ-£¾É-ªÃ-©Fo „çªá-šü-L-X¶Ïd¢-’û’Ã ¦µÇN¢* X¾J-“¬Á-NÕ¢* åXjÂí-aÊ èÇB§ŒÕ „çªá-šü-L-X¶Ïd¢’û «Ö° ÂîÍý F©¢-¬ëšËd ÆX¾pÊo Ÿ¿%†Ïd©ð Åí©ÕÅŒ «ÕMx-¬ÁyJ ÆÂ¹ˆ Êª½-®¾«Õt X¾œË¢C. ÍŒÂ¹ˆE ¬ÁK-ª½-ŸÄ-ª½Õœµ¿u¢ Â¹L-TÊ Êª½-®¾-«ÕtÊÕ «Õ¢ „çªá-šü-L-X¶Ïd¢’û “ÂÌœÄ-ÂÃ-J-ºË’Ã ÅŒ§ŒÖª½Õ Íäæ®¢-Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× ‚§ŒÕÊ ‡¢ÅŒ-’Ã¯î Â¹%†Ï-Íä-¬Çª½Õ. ÆX¾pšË ²Ä«Ö->Â¹ Â¹{Õd-¦Ç{x ÂÃª½-º¢’Ã «Õ£ÏÇ-@Á©Õ „çªá-šü-L-X¶Ïd¢’û “ÂÌœ¿©ð ¤Ä©ï_-Ê-œÄ-EÂË Åí©ÕÅŒ «ÕMx-¬ÁyJ ÅŒLx-Ÿ¿¢-“œ¿Õ©Õ Æ¢U-Â¹-J¢-ÍŒ-©äŸ¿Õ. ‡{d-êÂ-©Â¹× Ê-„Ã-E-æX{Â¹× Íç¢CÊ F©¢-¬ëšËd ’¹ÕJ-N-¯Ã-§Œáœ¿Õ ®¾£¾É-§ŒÕ¢Åî „ÃJE ŠXÏp¢* Êª½-®¾-«ÕtÂ¹× „çªá-šü-L-X¶Ïd¢-’û©ð ÅŒKp´-Ÿ¿Õ-E-«yœ¿¢ “¤Äª½¢-Gµ¢-ÍÃª½Õ. „çªá-šü-L-X¶Ïd¢’û Æ¢˜ä¯ä ŠÂ¹ „çÖ{Õ “ÂÌœ¿’Ã “X¾•©Õ ¦µÇN-®¾ÕhÊo ‚ ªîV©ðx.. Êª½-®¾«Õt X¾Ûª½Õ-†¾ß-©Åî ®¾«Ö-Ê¢’Ã ¦ª½Õ-«Û-©ãAh Æ¢Ÿ¿J Ÿ¿%†ÏdE ‚Â¹J¥¢ÍŒ’¹-L-’Ãª½Õ. 1984©ð ÅíL-²ÄJ >©Çx-²Änªá ¤òšÌ©ðx ¤Ä©ï_E “X¾Ÿ±¿-«Õ-²ÄnÊ¢ ²ÄCµ¢-Ê ‚„çÕåXj §ŒÖ«-Åý->©Çx “X¾•©Õ “X¾¬Á¢-®¾© •©Õx©Õ Â¹×J-XÏ¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ¨ ®¾¢X¶¾Õ-{Ê «ÕMx-¬Áy-JE „çªá-šü-L-X¶Ïd¢’û “ÂÌœ¿åXj ÆGµ-«Ö-¯ÃEo Â¹L-T¢-Íä©Ç Íä®Ï¢C. F©¢-¬ëšËd ÆX¾pÊo X¾ª½u-„ä-Â¹~-º©ð.. ÆÂ¹ˆ Êª½-®¾«Õt ÍŒÖXÏÊ «Öª½_¢©ð.. «ÕMx-¬ÁyJ «á¢Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× ²ÄT ƒ{Õ ¦µÇª½-ÅŒ-Ÿä¬Á¢ ’¹ª½y-X¾-œä-²Än-ªáÂË Íäª½Õ-Â¹×-¯Ãoª½Õ. ®¾éªjÊ ¤ù†Ïd-ÂÃ-£¾É-ªÃEo Æ¢C¢-ÍŒ-©äE Â¹×{Õ¢¦ X¾J-®Ïn-ÅŒÕ©Õ.. Æª½-Âí-ª½-’Ã-ÊÕÊo ÅŒÕX¾Ûp-X¾-šËdÊ „çªá-šü-L-X¶Ïd¢’û X¾J-Â¹-ªÃ©Õ.. ƒ„äOÕ ‚„çÕ ©Â¹~u-²Ä-Ÿµ¿-ÊÂ¹× Æœ¿Õf-ÂÃ-©ä-Â¹-¤ò-§ŒÖªá. Åí©ÕÅŒ “’Ã«Õ-²Änªá ¤òšÌ© ÊÕ¢ “¤Äª½¢-¦µ¼-„çÕiÊ ‚„çÕ èãj“ÅŒ-§ŒÖ“ÅŒ EªÃ-X¶¾Ö-{¢’Ã ÂíÊ-²Ä-T¢C. ªÃ†¾Z, èÇB§ŒÕ, Æ¢ÅŒ-ªÃb-B§ŒÕ ²Än§Œá©ðx ‡¯îo JÂÃ-ª½Õf©Õ ²ÄCµ¢-Ê «ÕMx-¬ÁyJ Íçj¯Ã-©ðE ’Ãu¢’û-ª½—Ö©ð •JTÊ “X¾X¾¢ÍŒ „çªá-šü-L-X¶Ïd¢’û ¤òšÌ-©©ð 54 ÂË©ð© N¦µÇ-’¹¢©ð ¦µÇª½-ÅýÂ¹× 3 ®¾yª½g-X¾-ÅŒ-ÂÃ-©ÊÕ Åça-åX-šÇdª½Õ. Æ{Õ ÅŒªÃyÅŒ 1994©ð {Kˆ ªÃ•-ŸµÄE ƒ²Äh¢-¦Õ-©ü©ð •J-TÊ “X¾X¾¢ÍŒ „çªá-šü-L-X¶Ïd¢’û ÍÃ¢XÏ-§ŒÕ¯þ†ÏXý©ð ÅŒÊ “X¾ÅŒuJn Íçj¯Ã “ÂÌœÄ-ÂÃ-JºË '“œ¿’ûqÑ B®¾Õ-Â¹×-Êo-{Õx’Ã ª½ÕV«Û ÂÃ«-œ¿¢Åî ‚ ˜ãjšË-©üÊÕ «ÕMx¬ÁyJÂË “X¾ŸÄÊ¢ Íä¬Çª½Õ. “X¾A-¦µ¼Â¹× ÆŸ¿%-†¾d¢Åî X¾E-©ä-Ÿ¿E ‚ ÅŒª½Õ-„ÃÅŒ ®¾¢«-ÅŒq-ª½„äÕ ‚„çÕ ª½ÕV«Û Íä¬Çª½Õ. 1995©ð Íçj¯Ã©ð •J-TÊ “X¾X¾¢ÍŒ ÍµÃ¢XÏ§ŒÕ-¯þ-†ÏXý ¤òšÌ©ðx •ªýˆ©ð ÅíL-“X¾-§ŒÕ-ÅŒo¢©ð 105 ÂË©ð©Õ, éª¢œî “X¾§ŒÕ-ÅŒo¢©ð 110 ÂË©ð©Õ, «âœî “X¾§ŒÕ-ÅŒo¢©ð 113 ÂË©ð©Õ ‡Ah Íçj¯Ã „çªá-šü-L-X¶¾dªý ©Ç¢’û-§ŒÖ-XÏ¢’û æXJ-{-’¹© 112.5 ÂË©ð© «ª½©üf JÂÃ-ª½ÕfÊÕ ¦Ÿ¿l-©Õ-Âí-šÇdª½Õ. «Õªî ®¾yª½g¢ Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-Âî-«-œ¿„äÕ ÂÃÂ¹×¢œÄ Íçj¯ÃÂ¹× Íç¢CÊ èÇ¢’û-V-£¾Ý„Ã æXJ{ ¨ Æ¢¬Á¢©ð Ê„çÖ-ŸçjÊ Â¹¢¦ãj¯þf šð{©ü JÂÃ-ª½ÕfÊÕ ®¾«Õ¢ Íä¬Çª½Õ. ƒ²Äh¢-¦Õ©ü «ª½©üf ÍµÃ¢XÏ§ŒÕ-¯þ-†ÏXý ¤òšÌ©ðx 197.5 ÂË©ð© ¦ª½Õ-«ÛÊÕ ‡Ah “X¾X¾¢ÍŒ ÍµÃ¢XÏ§ŒÕ-¯þ’Ã „ç©Õ-’í¢-ŸÄª½Õ. 1997©ð Íçj¯Ã©ð •J-TÊ ‚®Ï-§ŒÕ¯þ ÍµÃ¢XÏ-§ŒÕ-¯þ-†ÏXý ¤òšÌ-©ðxÊÖ, ÆŸä \œÄC Š²Ä-ÂÃ©ð •J-TÊ ‚®Ï§ŒÖ ÍÃ¢XÏ-§ŒÕ-¯þ-†Ï-Xý-©ÊÕ «ÕMx-¬ÁyJ éÂj«®¾¢ Íä®¾Õ-Â¹×-¯Ãoª½Õ. ƒX¾p-šË-«-ª½Â¹Ø 30 Æ¢ÅŒ-ªÃb-B§ŒÕ X¾ÅŒ-ÂÃ-©ÊÕ ²ÄCµ¢-Ê «ÕMx-¬Áy-JÂË 1994©ð 'Æª½ÕbÊ Æ„Ãª½ÕfÑ, 1997©ð Ÿä¬Á¢-©ð¯ä “X¾A-³Äe-ÅŒt-Â¹-„çÕiÊ 'ªÃ°„þ ‘ä©ü-ª½ÅŒoÑ Æ„Ã-ª½Õf-©ÊÕ “X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy¢ Æ¢Ÿ¿-èä-®Ï¢C. èÇB-§ŒÕ-“ÂÌ-œ¿©ðx ª½•-ÅŒ-X¾-ÅŒÂ¹¢ ²ÄCµ¢-Ê „çªá-šü-L-X¶¾dªý ªÃèä-†ý-ÅÃu-TE 1996©ð N„Ã£¾Ç¢ Íä®¾Õ-Â¹×-¯Ãoª½Õ. ¤òª½Õ-ŸÄ-ª½Õ© ®ÏÂîˆ©Õ '®¾ªÃlª½ÕÑ ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ ÆÊ-’Ã¯ä ¦µÇª½-ÅŒ-Ÿä¬Á ªÃ•-ÂÌ-§ŒÖ©ðx „ç¢{¯ä ’¹Õª½Õh-Â¹×-«Íäa æXª½Õ ®¾ªÃlªý ’õÅŒÕ ©ÍŒaÊo. Æ¢Ÿ¿ÕêÂ ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×-@Ç-EÂË ©ÍŒa¯äo ’¹Õª½Õh. 1947 ÅŒª½Õ-„ÃÅŒ 1983 «ª½Â¹Ø Æ¢˜ä «âœ¿Õ-Êoª½ Ÿ¿¬Ç-¦Çl©Õ ‚¢“Ÿµ¿-“X¾-Ÿä-¬ü©ð “X¾A-X¾Â¹~¢ ‚§ŒÕ¯ä. 1909 ‚’¹®¾Õd 16Ê, ²ò¢æX{ «Õ¢œ¿-©¢-©ðE ¦Çª½Õ-«©ð ©ÍŒaÊo •Et¢-ÍÃª½Õ. Eª½Õ-æXŸ¿ Â¹©Õx-UÅŒ Â¹×{Õ¢-¦Ç-EÂË Íç¢CÊ {d§ŒÕu, ªÃ•-«Õt© Æ†¾d-«Õ-®¾¢-ÅÃÊ¢ ‚§ŒÕÊ. ¦Çª½Õ-«-©ðE 80 å®TœË (¡¬Á-§ŒÕÊ) Â¹×{Õ¢-¦Ç©ðx {d§ŒÕu 1911 ¯ÃšËÂË ‚Jn-Â¹¢’Ã Âí¢ÅŒ E©-Ÿí-Â¹×ˆ-ÂíE, 1916©ð ÆÂ¹ˆœË “¤ÄŸ±¿-NÕÂ¹ ¤Äª¸½-¬Ç-©©ð ©ÍŒa-ÊoÊÕ ÍäªÃaª½Õ. ÆX¾p-šËÂË Ÿä¬Á¢©ð Åç©x-Ÿí-ª½-ÅŒ-¯Ã-EÂË «uA-êª-Â¹¢’Ã •ª½Õ-’¹Õ-ÅŒÕÊo èÇB-§çÖ-Ÿ¿u-«Õ¢©ð ¦µÇ’¹¢’Ã ®¾yŸäQ …Ÿ¿u«Õ¢ X¾¢-Ÿ¿Õ-Â¹×¢C. ©ÍŒa-Êo©ð …œ¿Õ-Â¹×-¯ç-ÅŒÕhª½Õ ÅŒ¢“œËE ‚©ð-ÍŒ-Ê©ð X¾œä-®Ï¢C. Âíœ¿Õ-Â¹×ÊÕ 1920©ð èÇB-§ŒÕ-„ÃC ÂíœË-’¹¢šË ÊJq¢-£¾Ç-«â-JhÂË ÆX¾p-T¢-ÍÃœ¿Õ. ¨ ’¹Õª½Õ-«Û-’Ãêª ÍŒŸ¿Õ-«ÛÅî ¤Ä{Õ ‚¯ÃšË Ÿä¬Á-X¾-J-®Ïn-ÅŒÕ-©ÊÕ ©ÍŒa-ÊoÂ¹× ¦ðCµ¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ‚¯Ã-šËÂË ’Ã¢Cµ, ¯ç“£¾Ý ¯Ã§ŒÕ-Â¹-ÅŒy¢©ð èÇB§ŒÕ …Ÿ¿u«Õ¢ B“«-ª½ÖX¾¢ ŸÄLa¢C. 1921©ð ‚¢“Ÿµ¿-ª½ÅŒo Ÿ¿ÕT_-ªÃ© ¦©-ªÃ-«Õ-Â¹%-†¾g-§ŒÕuÊÕ ¦ª½¢-X¾Û-ª½¢©ð Æéª®¾Õd Íä®Ï-Ê-X¾Ûœ¿Õ, ÅîšË ¦œË-XÏ-©x-©Åî Â¹L®Ï ¦Çª½Õ-«©ð éªj@ÁÙx ‚æX ÂÃª½u-“Â¹-«Õ¢©ð ©ÍŒaÊo ¤Ä©ï_-¯Ãoª½Õ. Æ©Ç NŸÄuJn Ÿ¿¬Á-©ð¯ä …Ÿ¿u-«Õ¢©ð ¤Ä©Õ-X¾¢-ÍŒÕ-Â¹×-¯Ãoª½Õ. 1926©ð ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ «áEq-X¾©ü å£jÇ®¾Öˆ-©Õ©ð ¤¶òª½Õh-¤¶Ä-ª½¢©ð ÍäªÃª½Õ. 1929©ð ƒÍÃa´-X¾Û-ª½¢©ð ®ÏÂúhq ¤¶òª½¢ ÍŒŸ¿Õ-«ÛÅŒÖ, ¯öX¾œÄ …X¾Ûp-®¾-ÅÃu-“’¹-£¾Ç¢©ð ¤Ä©ï_E Æéª-®¾d-§ŒÖuª½Õ. ÅŒ¢“œËÂË ©ÍŒa-ÊoÊÕ ÍŒC-N¢-ÍÃ-©¯ä ÅŒX¾Ê …¢œ¿œ¿¢ «©x AJT 1930©ð ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ å£jÇ®¾Öˆ-©Õ©ð ÍäªÃaª½Õ. “¬ÁŸ¿l´’Ã ÍŒCN, ®ÏÂúhq ¤¶òª½¢ ¤Äå®jÊ ÅŒª½Õ-„ÃÅŒ «ÕSx ¯ö¤Äœ¿ «Õ¢Ÿ¿²Ä •NÕ¢-ŸÄK «uA-êªÂ¹ …Ÿ¿u-«Õ¢Åî ‚§ŒÕÊ °NÅŒ¢ Nœ¿-D-§ŒÕ-ªÃ-E-C’Ã «ÖJ¢C. ŸÄŸÄX¾Û éª¢œä-@ÁxÂ¹× åXj’Ã NNŸµ¿ èãj@Áx©ð PÂ¹~©Õ ÆÊÕ-¦µ¼-N¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ÂíEo ¯ç©©Õ ÆèÇc-ÅŒ-„Ã®¾¢©ð …¯Ãoª½Õ. èÇB-§ŒÕ-²Änªá ¯Ã§ŒÕ-Â¹×-©Åî X¾J-ÍŒ-§ŒÖ©Õ, æ®o£¾É©Õ, ªÃ†¾Z-„Ãu-X¾h¢’Ã ÆÊÕ-ÍŒ-ª½Õ-©ÊÕ ®¾¢¤Ä-C¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ƒÍÃa´-X¾Û-ªÃ-EÂË Íç¢CÊ X¾Û©ãx© ¬Çu«Õ-®¾Õ¢-Ÿ¿-ª½-ªÃ«Û, ‚ÍÃª½u ‡¯þ.->.-ª½¢-’Ã-©ÊÕ ‚§ŒÕÊ ’¹Õª½Õ-ÅŒÕ-©Õu-©Õ’Ã ¦µÇN-²Ähª½Õ. 1946©ð ‰‡-¯þ-šË-§Œá®Ï ¬ÇÈÊÕ ‚¢“Ÿµ¿©ð “¤Äª½¢-Gµ¢-¢C ©ÍŒa¯äo. ‚ \œÄŸä N¬ÇÈ †ÏXý-§ŒÖª½Õf ÂÃJt-Â¹-®¾¢X¶¾Õ¢ ÆŸµ¿u-Â¹~×-œË’Ã ‡Eo-Â¹-§ŒÖuª½Õ. ²ÄyÅŒ¢“ÅŒu¢ «æ®h ÅŒX¾p N„Ã£¾Ç¢ Íä®¾Õ-Âî-ÊÊo “X¾A•c 1948©ð ¯çª½-„ä-J¢C. §ŒÕ¬ð-Ÿ¿-«ÕtÅî ¦Çª½Õ-«©ð N„Ã-£¾Ç-„çÕi¢C. ‚ \œÄŸä …«ÕtœË ÂÃ¢“é’-®¾ÕÂ¹× “X¾ÅÃu-«Öo§ŒÕ ¬ÁÂËh’Ã ©ÍŒaÊo «ÖªÃª½Õ. Â¹%†Ï-ÂÃªý ©ðÂú-¤ÄKd, œç„çÖ“Â¹šËÂú ¤ÄKd, ®¾yÅŒ¢-“ÅŒ-¤ÄKd, ¦µÇª½-B§ŒÕ “ÂÃ¢A-Ÿ¿@ü, •Ê-ÅÃ-¤ÄKd, ¦µÇª½-B§ŒÕ ©ðÂú-Ÿ¿@ü, ‡.XÏ.-©ð-Âú-Ÿ¿@ü, •Ê-ÅÃ-©ð-Âú-Ÿ¿@ü, ¦£¾Ý-•Ê ®¾«Ö-èü-¤Ä-Kd© «u«-²Än-X¾-Ê©ðx, ‚¢“Ÿµ¿-ªÃ†¾Z ¯Ã§ŒÕ-Â¹ÅŒy N†¾-§ŒÖ©ðx, ‚§ŒÖ ¤ÄKd «ÕÊÕ-’¹-œ¿©ð ©ÍŒa-ÊoŸä ÂÌ©-Â¹-¤Ä“ÅŒ. «Õ£¾É-ÅŒt-’Ã¢Dµ ÊÕ¢ “X¾®¾ÕhÅŒ èÇB-§ŒÕ-¯ä-ÅŒ© «ª½Â¹Ø ‚§ŒÕ-ÊÂ¹× “X¾ÅŒuÂ¹~ ®¾¢¦¢-ŸµÄ-©Õ-¯Ãoªá. 1948 W¯þ©ð N¬ÇÈ, ÅŒÖª½Õp-’î-ŸÄ-«J >©Çx© ÂÃJtÂ¹ E§çÖ-•-Â¹-«ª½_¢ ÊÕ¢* „çáŸ¿©Õ 1978©ð ²ñ¢æX{ E§çÖ-•-Â¹-«ª½_¢ «ª½Â¹Ø ¬Ç®¾-Ê-®¾-¦µ¼Õu-E’Ã ‡Eo-Â¹-§ŒÖuª½Õ. 1953©ð “X¾“X¾-Ÿ±¿«Õ ªÃ†¾Z-«Õ¢-“A-«-ª½_¢©ð ÂÃJt-Â¹-¬ÇÈ, 1955 ÊÕ¢* ÂÃJtÂ¹, ²Ä¢X¶ÏÕÂ¹ ®¾¢êÂ~-«Õ-¬ÇÈ, NŸ¿ÕuÅý, „çÕiÊ-ªý-¤òª½Õd, «u«-²Ä-§ŒÕ-¬Ç-È© «Õ¢“A’Ã X¾E-Íä-¬Çª½Õ. 1983 «ª½Â¹Ø “X¾A-X¾-Â¹~-¯Ã-§ŒÕ-Â¹×-œË’Ã …¯Ãoª½Õ. Æ¯äÂ¹ ¤ÄKd©ðx, ®¾¢®¾n©ðx, ÍŒ{d-®¾-¦µ¼©ðx ‚§ŒÕÊ Æ©¢-Â¹-J¢-Ê X¾Ÿ¿-«Û©ã¯îo. êÂG-¯äšü «Õ¢“A £¾ÇôŸÄ Â¹L-TÊ ÅíL “X¾A-X¾-Â¹~-¯äÅŒ ‚§ŒÕÊ. ŠÂ¹-²ÄJ ‡¢XÏ’Ã é’L ÅŒÊ ’¹Õª½Õ-«Û-’Ã-éªjÊ ª½¢’Ã Âî®¾¢ ªÃ°-¯Ã«Ö Íä®Ï, ’¹Õª½Õ-«Û¯ä é’L-XÏ¢-Ê ’íX¾p P†¾ßu-œË’Ã ÍŒJ-“ÅŒ-éÂ-ÂÃˆª½Õ. Åç©Õ’¹Õ wéÂj®¾h« X¾Ÿ¿-Â¹-NÅÃ XÏÅÃ-«Õ-£¾Ýœ¿Õ X¾Ûª½Õ-³ò-ÅŒh¢ -Íø-Ÿ¿-J Åç©Õ’¹Õ X¾Ÿ¿-Â¹-NÅÃ XÏÅÃ-«Õ-£¾Ýœ¿Õ ÆÊo-«Ö-ÍÃ-ª½Õu-œçjÅä, Åç©Õ’¹Õ wéÂj®¾h« X¾Ÿ¿-Â¹-NÅÃ XÏÅÃ-«Õ-£¾Ýœ¿Õ X¾Ûª½Õ-³ò-ÅŒh«Õ ÍøŸ¿J. Åç©Õ’¹Õ wéÂj®¾h« ÍŒJ-“ÅŒ©ð ÆÅŒu¢ÅŒ “X¾«á-ÈÕ-œçjÊ ÍøŸ¿J ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ >©Çx-©ð¯ä •Et¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ¤ÄÅŒ-X¾{o¢ E§çÖ-•-Â¹-«-ª½_¢-©ðE Åç¢¦Öª½Õ Ÿ¿’¹_-ª½ÕÊo «ÕŸ¿-¯Ã-X¾Ûª½¢ ‚§ŒÕÊ •Êt-®¾n©¢. 1803 å®åXd¢-¦ª½Õ 5Ê ®¾Õ¦µ¼-“ŸÄ-ŸäN, Â¹ØªÃt-¯ÃŸ±¿ ÍøŸ¿J Ÿ¿¢X¾-ÅŒÕ-©Â¹× CyB§ŒÕ X¾Û“ÅŒÕ-œ¿-ÅŒœ¿Õ. ¦ã¢’ÃS “¦Ç£¾Çtº Â¹×{Õ¢-¦Ç-EÂË Íç¢CÊ X¾Ûª½Õ-³ò-ÅŒh«Õ ÍøŸ¿-JåXj 1825©ð wéÂj®¾h-«-«ÕÅŒ “X¾¦µÇ«¢ X¾œË¢C. 1832 V©ãj©ð «ÕŸ¿-ªÃ®¾Õ ’¹«-ª½oª½Õ ®¾ªý-Ÿ±Ä-«Õ®ý «Õ“¯î ‚Ÿä¬Á¢ “X¾ÂÃª½¢, X¾ªÃx-ÂË-NÕœË Æ©x-ª½xÊÕ Æº--„ä-§ŒÕ-œÄ-EÂË ª½å®q©ü Æ¯ä Â¹OÕ-†¾-Êªý «ÍÃaœ¿Õ. ÂÃÂ¹-ÅÃ-S-§ŒÕ¢’Ã ÆÅŒ-EÂË, ÍøŸ¿J ÅÃª½-®ÏLx wéÂj®¾h«¢ X¾{x ‚®¾-ÂËhE „ç©x-œË¢-ÍÃª½Õ. 1833©ð ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ «a, ŠÂ¹ ¦ÇL-Â¹© ¤Äª¸½-¬Ç©©ð …Êo å£Ç©ã¯þ ¯Ãšü Æ¯ä “GšÌ†ý «Õ£ÏÇ-@ÁÊÕ Â¹L-¬Çª½Õ. ‚„çÕ ®Ï¤¶Ä-ª½ÕqÅî «Õ“ŸÄ®¾Õ „ç@Áx-œÄ-EÂË ®ÏŸ¿l´-«Õø-ÅŒÕÊo Ÿ¿¬Á©ð, ¦¢Ÿµ¿Õ-«Û©Õ «a ƒ¢šËÂË B®¾Õ-Â¹×-¤ò-§ŒÖª½Õ. ÆX¾p-šËêÂ ‚§ŒÕ-ÊÂ¹× N„Ã-£¾Ç-„çÕi¢C. ‹ Gœ¿fÊÕ Â¹ØœÄ Â¹¯Ãoª½Õ. 1829 ¯ÃšËÂË N¬Ç-È-X¾{o¢ ÍäJ, wéÂj®¾h« ²Ä£ÏÇ-ÅÃuEo ÆŸ¿u-§ŒÕÊ¢ Íä¬Çª½Õ. 1833©ð 'Â¹×©Ç-ÍÃª½ X¾KÂ¹~Ñ Æ¯ä X¾“A-Â¹ÊÕ ªÃ®Ï, Â¹×©-«u-«-®¾nÊÕ È¢œË¢-ÍÃª½Õ. 1833 ÆÂîd-¦-ª½Õ©ð Â¹{-Âú©ð '¦ÇXÏh®¾t¢Ñ B®¾Õ-ÂíE, wéÂj®¾h« «ÕÅŒ “X¾ÍÃª½¢ “¤Äª½¢-Gµ¢-ÍÃª½Õ. 18 ªîV©Õ ÂÃL-Ê-œ¿-Â¹Ê “X¾ÍÃª½¢ Íä®¾Öh «Õ“ŸÄ®¾Õ „ç@Çxª½Õ. ÆÂ¹ˆœË ÊÕ¢* ¦@ÇxJ, N¬Ç-È-X¾{o¢, ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢, ¦ª½¢-X¾Û-ª½¢-©©ð “X¾ÍÃª½¢ Íä¬Çª½Õ. ‡¯ço¯îo ÂÌª½h-Ê©Õ ª½¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ¨ªîV ÍøŸ¿J ªÃ®ÏÊ ÂÌª½hÊ NE-XÏ¢-ÍŒE ÍŒJa, wéÂj®¾h-«Û© ƒ@ÁÙx ©ä«¢˜ä ÆA-¬Á-§çÖÂËh ÂÃŸ¿Õ. „äŸ¿-X¾¢-œË-ÅŒÕ-©Åî „ÃC¢, ÍÃ©Ç-Íî{x ¯ç’¹Õ_-Âí-ÍÃaª½Õ. ÅŒÕE ®¾¢²Än-Ê¢©ð, •OÕ¢-ŸÄª½Õ ®¾«Õ-Â¹~¢©ð •J-TÊ ÍŒª½a©ð N•-§ŒÕ-«¢-ÅŒ-«Õ-§ŒÖuª½Õ. 67 \@Áx «§ŒÕ®¾Õ «ª½Â¹Ø ‚¢“Ÿµ¿-“X¾-Ÿä-¬ü©ð¯ä …¢œË, °NÅŒ ÍŒª½-«Ö¢-ÂÃEo Â¹{-Âú-©ðE XÏ©x© Ÿ¿’¹_ª½ ’¹œË-¤Äª½Õ. 1890 ‚’¹®¾Õd 23Ê ÅŒÊ 87« \{ ÍøŸ¿J Â¹ÊÕo-«â-¬Çª½Õ. 1933©ð ÍøŸ¿J ¬ÁÅŒ-•-§ŒÕ¢A …ÅŒq-„Ã©Õ ‚¢“ŸµÄÐ-Š-J-²Äq©ð X¶¾ÕÊ¢’Ã Eª½y-£ÏÇ¢-ÍÃª½Õ. X¾ªÃx-ÂË-NÕ-œË©ð ²Ätª½-Â¹-«Õ¢-Cª½¢ EJt¢-ÍÃª½Õ. X¾Ûª½Õ-³ò-ÅŒh«Õ ÍøŸ¿-JE Åç©Õ’¹Õ wéÂj®¾h« X¾Ÿ¿-Â¹-NÅÃ XÏÅÃ-«Õ-£¾Ý-œË’Ã ’¹ÕJh¢-ÍŒ-œÄ-EÂË ÂÃª½º¢ ©äÂ¹-¤ò-©äŸ¿Õ. ‚§ŒÕ-ÊÂ¹× «á¢Ÿ¿Õ ƒ¢Ux†ý, •ª½t¯þ, ©ÇšË¯þ „çáŸ¿-©ãjÊ ‰ªî¤Ä ¦µÇ†¾-©ðxE UÅŒ-®¾y-ªÃ©Õ, Â¹%AÂ¹ ÆÊÕ-„Ã-ŸÄ©ä ÂÌª½h-Ê-©Õ’Ã …¢œäN. Ÿä¬Á-„ÃR ¦ÇºÌ-©Åî, ®¾yÅŒ¢“ÅŒ ¬ëjL©ð ¤Ä{©Õ ªÃ®Ï¢C X¾Ûª½Õ-³ò-ÅŒh«Õ ÍøŸ¿êª. Æ¢Ÿ¿ÕêÂ Åç©Õ’¹Õ wéÂj®¾h« X¾Ÿ¿ Â¹N-ÅŒÂ¹× ‚§ŒÕÊ ‚Ÿ¿Õuœ¿Õ. NŸäQ „Ãê’_-§ŒÕ-ÂÃ-ª½Õœ¿Õ, ¦£¾Ý-¦µÇ³Ä ÂîN-Ÿ¿Õ-œçjÊ NL-§ŒÕ¢-œÄ-®¾¯þ, ÍøŸ¿J «Õ¢* æ®o£ÏÇ-ÅŒÕ©Õ. ®Ï.XÏ.-“¦÷¯þ ®¾«Õ-ÂÃ-M-Â¹×œ¿Õ. 1994Ð95©ð X¾Ûª½Õ-³ò-ÅŒh«Õ ÍøŸ¿J °NÅŒ¢ ª½ÍŒ-Ê-©åXj œÄÂ¹dªý ®¾ÕŸµÄ-ª½-ÅÃo¢-•L ²Ä«âu©ü ‡¢.X¶Ï-©üÊÕ «Õ“ŸÄ®¾Õ §ŒâE-«-Jz-šË©ð Íä¬Çª½Õ. X¾Ûª½Õ-³ò-ÅŒh«Õ ÍøŸ¿J ®¾y£¾Ç-²Äh-©Åî ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ Êo-¦-èÇ-ª½Õ-©ðE Åç©Õ’¹Õ ¦ÇXÏh®¾Õd ÍŒJaE ŸÄŸÄX¾Û 150 \@Áx “ÂËÅŒ¢ EJt¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ‚§ŒÕÊ ¦µÇª½u ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×-@Á¢-©ð¯ä «Õª½-ºË¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ÍøŸ¿-JÅî «áœË-X¾-œËÊ Åç©Õ’¹Õ wéÂj®¾h« ²Ä£ÏÇÅŒu¢ ƒ¢ÂÃ „ç©Õ-’¹Õ-ÍŒÖ-œÄLq …¢C. «u«-£¾Éª½ ¦µÇ³òŸ¿u«Õ ¦µ¼U-ª½-Ÿ±¿Õœ¿Õ Tœ¿Õ’¹Õ ªÃ«âtJh X¾¢ÅŒÕ©Õ ‚¢“Ÿµ¿-¦µÇ-ª½A Â¹%“A«Õ (“’Ã¢CµÂ¹) Æ©¢-ÂÃ-ªÃ© ¦µÇª½¢Åî Â¹×¢T Â¹%P®¾Öh Â¹@Á ÅŒXÏp …Êo ®¾«Õ-§ŒÕ¢©ð ®¾°-«-„çÕiÊ “X¾•© „Ãœ¿ÕÂ¹ ¦µÇ³Ä “X¾§çÖ-’Ã-©Åî ‚¢“Ÿµ¿-¦µÇ-ª½-AÂË Ê«uÅŒ ÍäÂ¹Ø-ª½a-œÄ-EÂË ŠÂ¹ «Õ£¾Çô-Ÿ¿u«Õ¢ ÊœË-XÏÊ «Õ£¾É-«Õ-E†Ï Tœ¿Õ’¹Õ ªÃ«âtJh X¾¢ÅŒÕ©Õ. ÂÃ©¢ «ÖJ¢C.. ²Ä£ÏÇÅŒu¢ ²Ä«ÖÊu “X¾•-©ðxÂË ÍíÍŒÕa-Â¹×-¤ò-„ÃLq …¢C. «u«-£¾É-JÂ¹ ¦µÇ†¾-Åî¯ä ƒC ²ÄŸµ¿u-«Õ-ÊoC ‚§ŒÕÊ Ÿ¿%œµ¿ N¬Çy®¾¢. ²ÄŸµÄ-ª½-º¢’Ã «Öª½ÕpÊÕ ®¾«Ö•¢ Æ¢ÅŒ ÅäL-Â¹’Ã Æ¢U-Â¹-J¢-ÍŒŸ¿Õ. Â¹¢Ÿ¿Õ-Â¹ØJ Oêª-¬Á-L¢’¹¢ NÅŒ¢ÅŒÕ X¾ÛÊ-Jy-„Ã-£¾É-EÂË …Ÿ¿u-NÕ¢--Ê-X¾Ûœ¿Õ, ƒÅŒª½ ²Ä¢X¶ÏÕÂ¹ ®¾¢®¾ˆ-ª½-º©Õ “X¾¦ð-Cµ¢--Ê-X¾Ûœ¿Õ ‚§ŒÕ-ÊÂ¹× ‡Ÿ¿Õ-éªjÊ ’¹šËd ®¾„Ã-@Áx-«¢-šË„ä ªÃ«âtJh X¾¢ÅŒÕ©Õ «u«-£¾É-JÂ¹ ¦µÇ³ò-Ÿ¿u-«ÖEo ÍäX¾-šËd-Ê-X¾Ûœ¿Ö ‡Ÿ¿Õ-ª½-§ŒÖuªá. «u«-£¾É-JÂ¹ ¦µÇ†¾ æXª½Õ ÅŒ©-ÍŒÕ-Â¹×¢˜ä Åç©Õ’¹Õ ²Ä£ÏÇÅŒu¢ „çÕi©Õ X¾œË-¤ò-ÅŒÕ¢-Ÿ¿Êo ¦µÇ³Ä ÍµÃ¢Ÿ¿®¾Õ©Õ Åç©Õ’¹Õ ²Ä£ÏÇ-B-©ð-ÂÃEo \©Õ-ÅŒÕÊo ªîV-©N. Tœ¿Õ’¹Õ ²Ä£¾Ç-®Ï¢ ¨ ÂíÅŒh “X¾A-¤Ä-Ÿ¿Ê Íä®Ï-Ê-X¾Ûœ¿Õ „Ãª½Õ ‡Ÿ¿Õ-ª½Õ-A-J-’Ãª½Õ. Æªá¯Ã Tœ¿Õ’¹Õ „çÊÕ-Â¹¢• „ä§ŒÕ-©äŸ¿Õ. ¬ÁÙŸ¿l´-“’Ã¢-C±-Â¹-„Ã-Ÿ¿Õ-©ÊÕ œµÎÂíE „ÃJE Eª½Õ-ÅŒh-ª½Õ-©ÊÕ Íä¬Çª½Õ. •§ŒÕ¢A ªÃ«Õ-§ŒÕu-X¾¢-ÅŒÕ©Õ, ªÃèÇ N“Â¹-«Õ-Ÿä-«-«ª½t, XÏª¸Ã-X¾Ûª½¢ ªÃèÇ «¢šË …Ÿ¿l¢-œ¿Õ©Õ Tœ¿Õ-’¹ÕÊÕ ‡Ÿ¿Õ-ªíˆ-¯Ãoª½Õ. ‚¯ÃšË «u«-£¾É-JÂ¹ “X¾§çÖ-’Ã-©ÊÕ …{¢-ÂË®¾Öh „ÃJ-„Ã-ŸÄEo Tœ¿Õ-’¹Õ-ªÃ-«âtJh X¾¢ÅŒÕ©Õ AXÏp-Âí-šÇdª½Õ. Tœ¿Õ-’¹Õ-„Ã-JC “X¾èÇ-…-Ÿ¿u«Õ¢. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-Â¹¯ä ‚¯ÃšË §Œá«-Â¹-«Û©Õ, X¾“A-Â¹©Õ Tœ¿Õ’¹Õ „ÃJ «u«-£¾É-JÂ¹ ¦µÇ³Ä-„Ã-ŸÄEo ®ÔyÂ¹-J¢* ŸÄEo «á¢Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× B®¾Õ-éÂ-@Çxª½Õ. ƒ¢Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× Âí¢ÅŒ «u«Cµ ÆE-„Ã-ª½u-„çÕi¢C. 20« ¬ÁÅÃGl “X¾„ä-P¢-Ê ¯ÃšËÂË ‚¢“Ÿµ¿-Ÿä-¬Á¢©ð ÊÖšËÂË Åí«Õt¢-œ¿Õ-’¹Õª½Õ Â¹ØœÄ ÆÂ¹~-ªÃ-®¾Õu©Õ ©äª½Õ. ¤Ä¬Ça-ÅŒu-Ÿä-¬Ç©ðx ‚¯Ã-šËêÂ 90 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ «Õ¢C NŸÄu-«¢-ÅŒÕ©Õ. ‚§ŒÖ Ÿä¬Ç©ðx ¦ðŸµ¿¯Ã ¦µÇ†¾ «u«-£¾É-J-Â¹¢’Ã …¢œ¿-œ¿„äÕ Æ¢Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× ÂÃª½º¢. ‚¢“Ÿµ¿-Ÿä-¬Á¢©ð ¦ðŸµ¿-¯Ã-¦µÇ-†¾’Ã “’Ã¢C±Â¹ ¦µÇ†¾ …¢œ¿œ¿¢ «©x X¾ª½-¦µÇ†¾ Æªá¯Ã ƒ¢Ux†¾ß ¯äª½Õa-Âî-«œ¿¢ Â¹¯Ão Åç©Õ’¹Õ ¯äª½Õa-Âî-«œ¿¢ NŸÄu-ª½Õn-©Â¹× Â¹†¾d¢’Ã …¢œäC. ÂÃ²òh, Â¹Ø²òh NŸ¿u-Ê-¦µ¼u-®Ï¢--Ê-„Ãª½Õ „Ãª½Õ Â¹ØœÄ “’Ã¢C±Â¹ ¦µÇ†¾©ð …¢œä “’¹¢Ÿ±Ä-©ÊÕ, X¾“A-Â¹-©ÊÕ ÍŒCN Æª½l´¢ Íä®¾Õ-Âî-©äÂ¹ ¯äª½Õa-Â¹×Êo ÆÂ¹~-ªÃ-©ÊÕ Â¹ØœÄ Âí¯Ão-@ÁxÂ¹× «ÕJ--¤ò-§äÕ-„Ãª½Õ. ÍäA-ªÃ-ÅŒÂ¹×, ¯îšË-«Ö-{Â¹× X¾ª½-®¾pª½ ®¾¢¦¢Ÿµ¿¢ ©äÂ¹ ¦µÇ†¾ Æ¢Ÿ¿-JÂÌ Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-¦Ç-{Õ©ð ©äÂ¹-¤ò-ªá¢-Ÿ¿E Tœ¿Õ-’¹Õ-„Ãª½Õ “’¹£ÏÇ¢-ÍÃª½Õ. “X¾•-©ÊÕ ÆÂ¹~-ªÃ-®¾Õu-©ÊÕ Íä®Ï „ÃJÂË ‚Ÿµ¿Õ-EÂ¹ NèÇc-¯ÃEo ÅäL-éÂj-Ê-¦µÇ-†¾©ð Æ¢Ÿ¿-èä®Ï Ÿä¬Á X¾Ûªî-¦µ¼-«%-Cl´ÂË Â¹%†Ï-Íä-§ŒÖ-©E Tœ¿Õ’¹Õ Eª½g-ªá¢-ÍÃª½Õ. X¾¢œË-ÅŒÕ-©Åî ÅŒ©-X¾œË.. 1910©ð «u«-£¾Éª½ ¦µÇ³òŸ¿u-«ÖEo ‚§ŒÕÊ X¾ªÃx-ÂË-NÕ-œË©ð “¤Äª½¢-Gµ¢-ÍÃª½Õ. 1915 ÊÕ¢ 1919 «ª½Â¹× ªÃ«âtJh ¦ª½¢-X¾Ûª½¢ ÊÕ¢* «Õ“ŸÄ®¾Õ «ª½Â¹× ª½ÖªÃ AJT X¾¢œË-ÅŒÕ-©ÊÕ œµÎÂí-¯Ãoª½Õ. „ä{ÖJ “X¾¦µÇ-Â¹-ª½-¬Ç®ÏY «¢šË X¾¢œË-ÅŒÕ© ÍäÅŒ ÅŒÊ „ÃŸÄEo Æ¢U-Â¹-J¢-X¾-èä-¬Çª½Õ. •§ŒÕ¢A ªÃ«Õ§ŒÕu X¾¢ÅŒÕ©Õ, „äŸ¿¢ „ç¢Â¹-{-ªÃ-«Õ-¬Ç®ÏY, ¡¤ÄŸ¿ Â¹%†¾g-«âJh ¬Ç®ÏY «¢šË “X¾«á-ÈÕ©Õ ª½¢-Ê “’¹¢Ÿ±Ä©ðx Ÿî³Ä-©ÊÕ ÍŒÖXÏ¢* …Ÿ¿l¢œ¿ X¾¢œË-ÅŒÕ-©êÂ “’Ã¢C±-Â¹-¦µÇ†¾ X¾{Õd-¦-œ¿Â¹ ÅŒX¾Ûp©Õ ªÃ®¾Õh-Êo-X¾Ûœ¿Õ ¦œË XÏ©x-©Â¹× ¯äª½p-œ¿«Ö ÆE Tœ¿Õ-’¹Õ-„Ãª½Õ „ÃC¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ¯Ãœ¿Õ “’Ã¢Cµ-Â¹-¦µÇ-†¾©ð C{d, «Õ¢* «Â¹h ÆªáÊ ÂíÂíˆ¢œ¿ „ç¢Â¹-{-ª½-ÅÃoEo ÅŒÊ „ÃŸ¿-ÊÅî Tœ¿Õ’¹Õ «ÕšËd-Â¹-J-XÏ¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ÆªáÅä Tœ¿Õ-’¹ÕÂ¹× Â¹×œË-¦µ¼Õ-•¢’Ã …Êo ’¹Õª½-èÇœ¿ Æ¤Äp-ªÃ«Û 1916©ð «Õª½-ºË¢-ÍÃª½Õ. 1916©ð Âí«Üy-ª½Õ©ð ‚¢“Ÿµ¿ «Õ£¾É-X¾-J-†¾ÅŒÕh \ªÃp{Õ Íä®ÏÊ ®¾¦µ¼©ð Â¹¢Ÿ¿Õ-Â¹ØJ Oêª-¬Á-L¢’¹¢ «ÕŸ¿lÅŒÕ Tœ¿Õ-’¹ÕÂ¹× ©Gµ¢-¢C. 1919 X¶Ï“¦-«J 28Ê Tœ¿Õ’¹Õ ÆŸµ¿u-Â¹~-ÅŒÊ «ª½h-«Ö-¯Ã¢“Ÿµ¿ ¦µÇ³Ä “X¾«-ª½hÂ¹ ®¾«Ö•¢ ªÃ•-«Õ¢-“œË©ð \ª½p-œË¢C. ¯Ãœ¿Õ ¯Ã©Õ’¹Õ “X¾ŸµÄ-Ê-„çÕiÊ BªÃt-¯Ã©Õ Íä¬Çª½Õ. “’Ã¢Cµ-Â¹-¦µÇ-†¾Â¹× «u«-£¾É-JÂ¹ ¦µÇ†¾Â¹× …Êo «uÅÃu-²ÄEo ÅŒT_¢-ÍŒœ¿¢, „çjèÇc-EÂ¹ “’¹¢Ÿ±Ä© ÊÕ¢ “’Ã¢CµÂ¹ X¾ŸÄ©Õ Åí©-T¢-ÍŒœ¿¢ Æ«-®¾-ª½-„çÕiÊ ÆÊu-Ÿä¬Á X¾ŸÄ-©ÊÕ ®ÔyÂ¹-J¢* Æ¯Ã-«-¬Áu-Â¹-«á-©ãjÊ „ÃšËE NœË--åX-{dœ¿¢ ¯ÃšË “X¾ŸµÄ-Ê-„çÕiÊ BªÃt-¯Ã©Õ. X¾“A-Â¹© “¤òÅÃq£¾Ç¢ ’¹Õª½-èÇœ¿ «Õ%AÅî \ª½p-œËÊ Âíª½ÅŒ Â¹¢Ÿ¿Õ-Â¹ØJ ®¾£¾Ç-ÍŒ-ª½u¢Åî BJ¢-Ÿ¿E ªÃ«âtJh ®¾¢Åî-†Ï¢-ÍÃª½Õ. 1919 „äÕ 27Ê Oêª-¬Á-L¢’¹¢ Â¹ØœÄ ÍŒE-¤ò-§ŒÖª½Õ. ªÃ«âtJh X¾{Õd-®¾-œ¿-©-©äŸ¿Õ. Åç©Õ’¹Õ X¾“AÂ¹ „ç©Õ-«-J¢-ÍÃª½Õ. „Ãœ¿ÕÂ¹ ¦µÇ†¾©ð ’¹© „Ãu²Ä-©ÊÕ §Œá« ª½ÍŒ-ªá-ÅŒ©Õ ‚Ÿ¿-J¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ‚ Ÿ¿¬Á©ð ÂÃQ-¯Ã-Ÿµ¿ÕE ¯Ãê’-¬Áy-ª½-ªÃ«Û '¦µÇª½-AÑ©ð «u«-£¾É-J-Â¹-¦µÇ-†¾©ð ªÃ®ÏÊ „Ãu²Ä-©ÊÕ “X¾ÍŒÕ-J¢-ÍŒ-²Ä-’Ãª½Õ. ’¹Õ¢{Öª½Õ, ¬Çª½Ÿ¿, «Ö©-X¾Lx X¾“A-Â¹©Õ Â¹ØœÄ „Ãœ¿Õ-Â¹-¦µÇ-†¾ÊÕ “¤òÅŒq-£ÏÇ¢-ÍÃªá. ŠÂ¹-X¾Ûpœ¿Õ «u«-£¾É-J-Â¹-¦µÇ-†¾ÊÕ ‡C-J¢-Ê «Õ©ÇxC ®¾Öª½u-¯Ã-ªÃ-§ŒÕ-º-¬Ç®ÏY «-ª½Â¹× Tœ¿Õ-’¹Õ-„ÃJ P†¾u-«-ªÃ_©ðx ÍäªÃª½Õ. 1880 “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢©ð ªÃ«âtJhÂË X¾ªÃx-ÂË-NÕœË •NÕ¢-ŸÄ-ª½Õ-©Åî „çÕi“A, ®¾ÅŒq¢-¦¢-ŸµÄ©Õ …¢œäN. 1928©ð •NÕ¢-ŸÄ-ª½xÅî „çjª½¢ \ª½p-œË¯Ã ÅŒÊ ¦µÇ³òŸ¿u-«ÖEo Nœ¿-¯Ã-œ¿-©äŸ¿Õ. 1913©ð ªÃ«âtJh ÅíL-²Ä-J’Ã ªÃ•-«Õ¢-“œË©ð ÂÃ©Õ-åX-šËd-Ê-X¾Ûpœ¿Õ ¬ÁÙŸ¿l´ “’Ã¢Cµ-Â¹-„Ã-Ÿ¿Õ©Õ ‚§ŒÕ-ÊÊÕ N«Õ-Jz¢-ÍÃª½Õ. „çRx-¤ñ-«ÕtE å£ÇÍŒa-J¢-ÍÃª½Õ. 1933©ð ÆŸä ªÃ•-«Õ¢-“œË©ð ‚§ŒÕ-ÊÊÕ ¦µÇK ‡ÅŒÕhÊ ®¾¯Ãt-E¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ƒC ªÃ•-«Õ¢-“œË©ð «u«-£¾É-JÂ¹ ¦µÇ³ò-Ÿ¿u«Õ¢ ²ÄCµ¢-Ê N•-§ŒÕ¢’Ã æXªíˆ-¯Ãoª½Õ. ƒ¢’Ãx¢œþ ÊÕ¢* «aÊ „äÕšüq-Ÿíª½ „Ãœ¿Õ-Â¹-¦µÇ-†¾Â¹×, ¦ðŸµ¿¯Ã ¦µÇ†¾Â¹× ÅäœÄ ’¹«Õ-E¢ Tœ¿Õ-’¹Õ-„Ã-JÅî “X¾²Äh-N¢-ÍÃª½Õ. „äÕšüq Ÿíª½ ®¾Öp´JhÅî Tœ¿Õ’¹Õ „Ãœ¿ÕÂ¹ ¦µÇ³ò-Ÿ¿u«Õ¢ “¤Äª½¢-Gµ¢-ÍÃª½Õ. «%Ah-KÅÃu ÍŒJ“ÅŒ ÆŸµÄu-X¾-Â¹×-œçjÊ Tœ¿Õ-’¹ÕÂ¹× Åç©Õ’¹Õ ¦µÇ†¾åXj «Õ¢* X¾{Õd¢-œäC. 1940 •Ê-«J 22Ê Íç¯çjo©ð ‚§ŒÕÊ «Õª½-ºË¢-Íä-¯Ã-šËÂË «u«-£¾É-JÂ¹ ¦µÇ³ò-Ÿ¿u«Õ¢ Åç©Õ-’¹Õ-®Ô-«Õ©ð ®Ïnª½-X¾-œË¢C. X¾“A-Â¹©Õ «u«-£¾É-JÂ¹ ¦µÇ†¾ÊÕ ®ÔyÂ¹-J¢-ÍÃªá. ª½ÍŒ-ªá-ÅŒ©Õ „Ãœ¿Õ-Â¹-¦µÇ-†¾-©ð-Âí-ÍÃaª½Õ. Ê¢œ¿ÖJ ®¾Õ¦Çs-ªÃ«Û «¢šË-„Ãª½Õ ¬ÁÙŸ¿l´ èÇÊ-X¾Ÿ¿ ¦µÇ†¾©ð ‡¢ÂË-¤Ä-{©Õ ªÃ®Ï ®¾¢ÍŒ-©Ê¢ ®¾%†Ïd¢-ÍÃª½Õ. «Ê-ªÃV Æ¤Äp-ªÃ«Û, ¢ÅÃ DÂË~-ÅŒÕ©Õ ÅŒC-ÅŒ-ª½Õ©Õ Â¹N-ÅŒy¢©ð „Ãœ¿Õ-Â¹-¦µÇ-†¾Â¹× “¤ÄŸµÄ-Êu-NÕa Æ•-ªÃ-«Õ-ª½-„çÕiÊ ª½ÍŒ-Ê-©ÊÕ Æ¢C¢-ÍÃª½Õ. N¬Áy-N-ŸÄu-©-§ŒÖ©Õ, ¤Äª¸½-¬Ç-©©ðx «Ö“ÅŒ¢ «u«-£¾É-JÂ¹ ¦µÇ†¾ÊÕ ÆX¾p-šËÂË ®ÔyÂ¹-J¢-ÍŒ-©äŸ¿Õ. «ÖÅŒ%-¦µÇ-†¾-©ð¯ä ÂÃŸ¿Õ „Ãœ¿ÕÂ¹ ¦µÇ†¾©ð NŸÄu-¦ð-Ÿµ¿Ê •ª½-’Ã-©Êo ‚§ŒÕÊ ®Ï¢£¾Ç-¯ÃŸµ¿¢ ¦Cµ-ª½ÕE «á¢Ÿ¿Õ ¬Á¢‘Ç-ªÃ-«„äÕ. ‚¢“Ÿµ¿ N¬Çy-N-ŸÄu-©§ŒÕ¢ ‚§ŒÕ-ÊÊÕ 'Â¹@Ç-“X¾-X¾Ü-ª½gÑÅî ®¾ÅŒˆ-J¢-¯Ã ‚§ŒÕÊ °N-ÅŒ-Ÿµäu-§ŒÕ-„çÕiÊ «u«-£¾É-J-Â¹-¦µÇ-†¾ÊÕ ¦ðŸµ¿-¯Ã-¦µÇ-†¾’Ã “X¾„ä-¬Á-åX{d ²Ä£¾Ç-®Ï¢-ÍŒ-©ä-Â¹-¤ò-ªá¢C. ªÃ«âtJh ÅŒÊ ÅŒÕC ®¾¢Ÿä-¬Á¢©ð N¬Áy-N-ŸÄu-©-§ŒÖ©Õ, “X¾¦µ¼Õ-ÅŒy«â «u«-£¾É-JÂ¹ ¦µÇ†¾ÊÕ ®ÔyÂ¹-J¢-Íä-{{Õx …Ÿ¿u-NÕ¢-ÍÃ-Lq¢C ƒÂ¹ X¾“A-Â¹©ä Æ¯Ãoª½Õ. ÅŒª½Õ-„ÃÅŒ ÂÃ©¢©ð Tœ¿Õ’¹Õ „ÃJ °N-ÅŒu-Ÿµäu§ŒÕ¢ ¯çª½-„ä-J¢C. ®¾«-ª½-¦µÇ-†¾Â¹× LXÏ LXÏ ©äE ‚{NÂ¹ ®¾«-ª½-¦µÇ-†¾Â¹× LXÏ ®¾%†Ïd¢ ŸÄEÂË ’õª½-«-F-§ŒÕ-„çÕiÊ ²ÄnÊ¢ Â¹Lp¢-Ê ÆX¾ª½ ¦µ¼U-ª½-Ÿ±¿Õ-œÄ-§ŒÕÊ. ®¾«-ª½© ‚ÍÃª½ «u«-£¾É-ªÃ-©ÊÕ ‚§ŒÕÊ ’¹«Õ-E¢-ÍÃª½Õ. Åç©Õ-’¹ÕÂ¹×, ŠJ-§ŒÖÂ¹× GµÊo„çÕiÊ ®¾«-ª½-¦µÇ†¾ÊÕ ‚§ŒÕÊ ¯äª½Õa-Â¹×-¯Ãoª½Õ. ¤¶ñ¯ç-šËÂúq LXÏE Â¹ÊÕ-’í-¯Ãoª½Õ. ¯ÃšË NŸÄu-¬Ç-‘Ç-Cµ-ÂÃJ ®¾«-ª½-¦µÇ-†¾Â¹× LXÏ Æ«-®¾ª½¢ ©äŸ¿¢{Ö „ÃC¢-ÍÃª½Õ. 1930 Ê«¢-¦ª½Õ 3Ê å®ª½¢’î “’Ã«Õ¢©ð Â¹©ã-Â¹dªý ®¾«Õ-Â¹~¢©ð ®¾«-ª½-XÏ-©x© ÍäÅŒ ¤¶ñ¯ç-šËÂúq ÆÂ¹~-ªÃ-©Åî ®¾«ª½ X¾ŸÄ-©ÊÕ ªÃ§ŒÕ-¯äJp „ÃJ-ÍäÅŒ ªÃªá¢ ÍŒÖXÏ¢-ÍÃª½Õ. D¢Åî “GšÌ†ý “X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy¢ ªÃ«âtJh ¤¶ñ¯ç-šËÂú LXÏE ‚„çÖ-C¢-¢C. 1931©ð ®¾«ª½ „ÃuÂ¹-ª½-ºÇEo, 1933©ð ƒ¢Ux†¾ß EX¶¾Õ¢-{Õ-«ÛÊÕ Tœ¿Õ’¹Õ ªÃ«âtJh ‚§ŒÕÊ Â¹×«Ö-ª½Õœ¿Õ ®ÔÅÃ-X¾A ƒŸ¿lª½Ö Â¹L®Ï ª½Ö¤ñ¢-C¢-ÍÃª½Õ. “X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy ®¾ÅÃˆª½¢ Tœ¿Õ’¹Õ X¾J-¬ð-Ÿµ¿-Ê-©ÊÕ, ®¾«-ª½-¦µÇ-†¾©ð Íä®ÏÊ Â¹%†ÏE “GšÌ†ý “X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy¢ „çÕa 1933 •Ê-«J 1Ê éÂj•-ªýÐ-ƒÐ-£ÏÇ¢Ÿþ ÆÊo Gª½Õ-Ÿ¿ÕÅî ¤Ä{Õ ¦¢’Ãª½Õ X¾ÅŒ-ÂÃEo ƒa¢C. 1933 „äÕ 6Ê ÆªáŸî èÇJb ÍŒ“Â¹-«Jh ª½•-Åî-ÅŒq« ¦¢’Ãª½Õ X¾ÅŒ-ÂÃEo Â¹ØœÄ “X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy¢ ƒa¢C. “GšË†ý ¤Ä©-Â¹×© ’¹Õ¢œç©ðx.. ’¹J-„çÕ@Áx ÆÂ¹~-ªÃTo «ÖÂíDl Åç©x-Ÿí-ª½-ÅŒ-Ê«âŸä„Ã! «ÖÂîDl Åç©x-Ÿí-ª½-ÅŒ-Ê«â «Ö “¤ÄºÇ-©åXj ¤ñ¢* «Ö¯Ã©Õ £¾ÇJ-ªá¢Íä.. èÇB§ŒÕ Â¹N ’¹J-„çÕ@Áx ®¾ÅŒu-¯Ã-ªÃ§ŒÕº ª½¢-Ê ¨ ê’§ŒÕ¢ Åç©x-Ÿí-ª½© ’¹Õ¢œçLo •©Õx-«Õ-E-XÏ¢-¢C. ²ÄyÅŒ¢“ÅŒu ®¾¢“’Ã-«Õ¢©ð ¤òªÃ-šÇ-©ÊÕ ÅŒ«Õ ¦µ¼Õ•-®¾ˆ¢-ŸÄ-©åXj „çÖ®¾Öh “X¾•©ðx ²ÄyÅŒ¢-“Åî-Ÿ¿u«Õ ÂÃ¢Â¹~ÊÕ ª½T-LaÊ X¶¾ÕÊ ÂÌJh-’¹© èÇA «ÕJ-Ê èÇA-ª½ÅŒo¢ ’¹J-„çÕ@Áx ®¾ÅŒu-¯Ã-ªÃ-§ŒÕº. ¨§ŒÕ-ÊC ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ >©Çx ¤ò©ÇÂË «Õ¢œ¿©¢ “XÏ§ŒÖ-“’¹-£¾Éª½¢ ®¾y“’Ã«Õ¢. 1893 V©ãj 15Ê ®¾ª½Õ-¦Õ->bL «Õ¢œ¿©¢ ’î¯ç-©-¤Äœ¿Õ “’Ã«Õ¢ ÅŒ«Õ ÅÃÅŒ-’ÃJ ®¾y“’Ã-«Õ¢©ð •Et¢-ÍÃª½Õ. “¤ÄŸ±¿-NÕÂ¹ NŸÄu-¦µÇu®¾¢ ®¾y“’Ã-«Õ-„çÕiÊ “XÏ§ŒÖ-“’¹-£¾É-ª½¢©ð ÂíÊ-²Ä-T¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ’¹J-„çÕ@Áx ÅŒLx-Ÿ¿¢-“œ¿Õ-©ãjÊ ®¾Öª½«Õt, „ç¢Â¹-{-Ê-Jq¢-£¾Ç¢Åî …¯Ão …ÊoÅŒ ÍŒŸ¿Õ-«Û©ÊÕ «ÕŸµ¿u©ð «C-©ä®Ï X¾ªÃ-ªá-¤Ä-©Ê ÊÕ¢* N«áÂËh Âî®¾¢, «©®¾ ¤Ä©-Â¹×-©Â¹× «uA-êª-Â¹¢’Ã ²Ä’¹Õ-ÅŒÕÊo ®¾«Õ-ª½-¦µäJ …Ÿ¿u-«Ö-EÂË «ÕŸ¿l-ÅŒÕ’Ã EL-ÍÃª½Õ. '®¾yªÃ•u UÅÃ©ÕÑ ªÃ®Ï-Ê¢-Ÿ¿Õ-Â¹×-’ÃÊÕ ’¹J-„çÕ-@ÁxÂ¹× “GšË†ý “X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy¢ ªÃ•-“Ÿî£¾Ç¢ ¯äª½¢ ÂË¢Ÿ¿ éª¢œä@ÁÙx èãj©Õ-PÂ¹~ NCµ¢-¢C. ÅŒÊ èãj©Õ PÂ~Ã-ÂÃ-©¢©ð 1923©ð ÅŒ¢“œË «Õª½-ºË¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ÅŒÊ èãj©Õ PÂ¹~-ºÇ-Ê¢-ÅŒª½¢ ®¾y“’Ã«Õ¢ “XÏ§ŒÖ-“’¹-£¾É-ª½¢©ð ª½ÍŒ-Ê©Õ Íä®¾Öh 1926©ð „çáŸ¿-šË-²Ä-J’Ã ÅŒ«Õ “’Ã«Õ¢©ð ¬Çª½ŸÄ “’¹¢Ÿ±Ä-©-§ŒÖEo “¤Äª½¢-Gµ¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ÆX¾Ûpœä ÆÈ¢-œ¿-ÂÃ-„Ãu©Õ, '®¾yªÃ•u UÅÃ©ÕÑ 'Æª½l´-“ÅŒ§ŒÕ ®¾ª½y®¾y¢Ñ '«ÖºËÂ¹u¢Ñ ÅŒC-ÅŒª½ X¾Û®¾h-ÂÃ-©ÊÕ «á“C¢-ÍÃª½Õ. Æ“’¹-Â¹×-©¢©ð X¾ÛšËd-Ê-X¾p-šËÂÌ •Ê¢Åî «Õ„äÕ-Â¹-„çÕi-¤ò-§äÕ-„Ãª½Õ. ¦ÅŒÕ-Â¹×-Åç-ª½Õ«Û Â¹ØšË-Âî®¾¢ «Õ“ŸÄ®ý «©-®¾-„ç-@Çxª½Õ. Ÿ¿Õ¢Ÿ¿ÕGµ, NÂÃJ ÅŒC-ÅŒª½ æXª½xÅî X¾“A-Â¹©ðx „Ãu²Ä©Õ ªÃ¬Çª½Õ. ‚¢“Ÿµ¿-“X¾¦µ¼ CÊ-X¾-“A-Â¹Â¹× ®¾£¾Ç ®¾¢¤Ä-Ÿ¿-Â¹×-©Õ’Ã Â¹ØœÄ X¾E-Íä-¬Çª½Õ. ªÃ°-X¾-œ¿E «ÕÍŒa-©äE „çjÈ-JÅî «áÂ¹×ˆ-®¾ÖšË «ÕE-†Ï-ÂÃ-«œ¿¢Åî ‡¢Ÿ¿Õ-©ðÊÖ ®Ïnª½¢ ÂÃ©ä-Â¹-¤ò-§ŒÖª½Õ. ’¹J-„çÕ-@ÁxÊÕ ‡¢ÅŒ-’í-X¾p’Ã ÍçXÏp-Ê-X¾p-šËÂÌ ÅŒÂ¹×ˆ-«-’Ã¯ä ÍçXÏp-Ê-{d-«Û-ÅŒÕ¢-Ÿ¿E ÍçX¾p-«ÍŒÕa. ’¹J-„çÕ@Áx ê’§ŒÕ-Â¹N, ¯Ã{-Â¹-Â¹ª½h, ®¾¢®¾ˆª½h, ÆÊÕ-„Ã-Ÿ¿-Â¹×œ¿Õ, ÆEo¢-šËÂË -NÕ¢ ‚Ÿ¿-ª½z-F-§Œáœ¿Õ, Ÿä¬Á-¦µ¼ÂËh ’¹© ¦µÇª½-B-§Œáœ¿Õ. „çjŸ¿u-²ù-Â¹ª½u¢ Âíª½ÅŒ «©Ê X¾šËd¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-Â¹-¤ò-«-œ¿¢Åî B“« Æ¯Ã-ªî-’¹u¢Åî œËå®¢-¦ª½Õ 18Ð1952Ê «Õ%A-Íç¢-ŸÄª½Õ. Åç©x-¦¢-’Ãª½¢.. X¾©Ç-®¾- °œË Åç©x-¦¢-’Ã-ª½¢’Ã æXªí¢-CÊ °œË-X¾-X¾Ûp-ÊÂ¹× «Õ¢-æX-ª½Õ¢C. 1935 Ð 36 ®¾¢«-ÅŒq-ª½¢©ð Åí©ÕÅŒ «Õ©Çx •¯Ã-ª½l¯þ Æ¯ä „Ãu¤ÄJ Æ¢œ¿-«Ö¯þ, ÅŒÖª½Õp-’î-ŸÄ-«J >©Çx „çÖJ “¤Ä¢ÅÃ© ÊÕ¢ °œË XÏÂ¹ˆ-©ÊÕ X¾©Ç®¾ “¤Ä¢ÅÃ-EÂË ÅçÍÃaª½Õ. „ÃšËE åXÊ¢åXj „äªá¢* X¾X¾ÛpÊÕ B¬Çª½Õ. ŸÄ¢Åî ¨ “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢©ð „Ãu¤Äª½¢ “¤Äª½¢-¦µ¼-„çÕi¢C. 1954 Ð 55 ©ð 12 ¤¶ÄuÂ¹d-K-©Åî X¾©Ç®¾ °œË-X¾X¾Ûp …ÅŒp-Ah-ŸÄ-ª½Õ© ®¾¢X¶¾Õ¢ ‚N-ª½s´-N¢-¢C. 1963Ð 64 ®¾¢«-ÅŒq-ª½¢©ð “œ¿«át ªî®Ïd¢-’ûÅî „Ãu¤Äª½¢ «ÕJ¢ÅŒ ÆGµ-«%Cl´ Íç¢Ÿä¢-Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× Ÿî£¾Ç-Ÿ¿-X¾-œË¢C. 1987 «ª½Â¹× ¨ “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢©ð X¾ÜJh ²Änªá©ð “œ¿«át ªî®Ïd¢-’û-Åî¯ä „Ãu¤Äª½¢ ²ÄT¢C. ÅŒª½Õ-„ÃÅŒ ¦Çªá-L¢’û NŸµÄÊ¢ Æ«Õ-©ðxÂË «a¢C. 2007 ÊÕ¢* 60 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ «ª½Â¹× ¦Çªá-L¢’û NŸµÄÊ¢ Æ«Õ-©-«Û-Åî¢C. >©Çx©ð 350 «ª½Â¹× °œË X¾X¾Ûp §ŒâE{Õx …¢œ¿’Ã Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð ŠÂ¹ˆ X¾©Ç®¾ “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢-©ð¯ä 275 «ª½Â¹× §ŒâE{Õx …¯Ãoªá. ¨ “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢ ÊÕ¢* ªîVÂ¹× 50 {ÊÕo© X¾X¾Ûp …ÅŒpAh Æ«Û-Åî¢C. >©Çx „ÃuX¾h¢’Ã ªîVÂ¹× 5 „ä© °œË XÏÂ¹ˆ© ¦²Äh©Õ ŸÄyªÃ 60 {ÊÕo© «ª½Â¹× X¾X¾Ûp …ÅŒpAh Æ«Û-Åî¢C. X¾ªî-Â¹~¢’Ã, “X¾ÅŒu-Â¹~¢’Ã 50 „ä© «ª½Â¹× ÂÃJt-Â¹×©Õ ‚ŸµÄ-ª½-X¾œË °«Ê¢ ²ÄT-®¾Õh-¯Ãoª½Õ. X¾©Ç®¾, «Õ¢Ÿ¿®¾, «“•-X¾Û-Âí-ÅŒÖhª½Õ, „çÕR-§ŒÖ-X¾ÛšËd, Â¹NšË, ²ò¢æX{, ˜ãÂ¹ˆL, Â¹¢L, ¤Ä©-Âí¢œ¿, ®ÔÅŒ¢-æX{, Âî{-¦ï-«ÖtR, Ê¢C’Ã¢ «Õ¢œ¿-©Ç©ðx °œË X¾J-“¬Á«Õ N®¾h-J¢ …¢C. “X¾®¾ÕhÅŒ¢ X¾{d-ºÇ©ðx ªî®Ïd¢’û NŸµÄ-¯Ã-EÂË ÆÊÕ-«Õ-ÅŒÕ©Õ ©ä«Û. X¾©ãx©ðx å®jÅŒ¢ ÆÊÕ-«Õ-ÅŒÕ©Õ ©äÂ¹×-Êo-X¾p-šËÂÌ ÂÃ©Õp©Õ NŸµÄÊ¢ ÂíÊ-²Ä-’¹Õ-Åî¢C. ¨ “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢©ð ÅŒ§ŒÖ-ª½-ªáÊ °œË X¾X¾ÛpÊÕ …ÅŒh-ª½-“X¾-Ÿä¬ü, H£¾Éªý, ªÃ•-²Än¯þ, ÍµŒBh-®ý-X¶¾Õœþ, «ÕŸµ¿u-“X¾-Ÿä¬ü, X¾¢èÇ¦ü ªÃ³ÄZ-©Â¹× ‡’¹Õ-«ÕA Íä®¾Õh-¯Ãoª½Õ. \šÇ °œË T¢•©Õ ÍÃ©-Ê¢-Ÿ¿ÕÊ NŸäQ «áœË-®¾-ª½Õ-Â¹×åXj ‚ŸµÄ-ª½-X¾-œÄLq «²òh¢C. [ ¦¢’Ãª½¢ „Ãu¤Ä-ªÃ-EÂË >©Çx©ð «Õ¢* ’¹ÕJh¢X¾Û …¢C. >©Çx©ð 550 Wu§ŒÕ-©K Ÿ¿ÕÂÃ-ºÇ©Õ …¯Ãoªá. ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢, Êª½-®¾-Êo-æX{, X¾©Ç®¾, ªÃèÇ¢, ÂÃQ-¦Õ’¹_ ÅŒC-ÅŒª½ êÂ¢“ŸÄ©ðx ‡Â¹×ˆ-«’Ã „Ãu¤Ä-ªÃ©Õ ²Ä’¹Õ-ÅŒÕ-¯Ãoªá. «á¢¦Çªá, Íç¯çjo ÅŒC-ÅŒª½ “¤Ä¢ÅÃ© ÊÕ¢* ¦¢’Ã-ªÃEo C’¹Õ-«ÕA Íä®¾Õ-ÂíE „Ãu¤Ä-ªÃ©Õ ²ÄT-®¾Õh-¯Ãoª½Õ. \šÇ >©Çx©ð ª½Ö. 1500 Âî{x „Ãu¤Äª½¢ •ª½Õ-’¹Õ-Åî¢C. Æ©Çê’ „ç¢œË ‚¦µ¼-ª½ºÇ© „Ãu¤Äª½¢ Â¹ØœÄ Dµ{Õ’Ã ²Ä’¹Õ-Åî¢C. [ °œË-X¾X¾Ûp „Ãu¤Äª½¢ X¾©Ç®¾ êÂ¢“Ÿ¿¢’Ã ²Ä’¹Õ-Åî¢C. “X¾A-ªîV ª½Ö. ÂîšË «¢ÅŒÕÊ „Ãu¤Äª½ ©Ç„Ã-Ÿä-O©Õ ²Ä’¹Õ-ÅŒÕ-¯Ãoªá. \šÇ ª½Ö. 350 Âî{xÂ¹× ÅŒ’¹_-Â¹×¢œÄ „Ãu¤Äª½¢ ²ÄT-®¾Õh-¯Ãoª½Õ. „ÃºË-•u¢©ð „äÕšË Êª½-®¾-Êo-æX{ ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ Ð ˜ãÂ¹ˆL «ÕŸµ¿u …Êo Êª½-®¾-Êo-æX{ æXª½ÕÊo „Ãu¤Äª½ êÂ¢“ŸÄ©ðx ŠÂ¹šË. ƒC ¦¢’Ãª½¢, „ç¢œË, éªj®ý-NÕ©Õx, ƒÅŒhœË, ®Ôd©Õ ²Ä«Ö“T „Ãu¤Ä-ªÃ-©Â¹× “X¾®ÏCl´. ¨ ŠÂ¹ˆ E§çÖ-•-Â¹-«-ª½_¢©ð¯ä 36 éªj®¾Õ NÕ©Õx©Õ …¯Ãoªá. ƒ«Fo ’¹ÅŒ éª¢œä-@ÁÙx’Ã „çÖœ¿-ª½¯þ éªj®ý-NÕ-©Õx-©Õ’Ã ÆGµ-«%Cl´ Íç¢ŸÄªá. \šÇ 50 „ä© {ÊÕo© ©ãO ©Â~ÃuEo Æ¢C-®¾Õh-¯Ãoªá. «Õªî 15 „ä© {ÊÕo-©ÊÕ ¦£ÏÇ-ª½¢’¹ N“Â¹-§ŒÖ-©Â¹× ÅŒª½-L-®¾Õh-¯Ãoªá. ¯Ã©Õ’¹Õ «Õ¢œ¿-©Ç-©Åî ¤Ä{Õ X¾J-®¾ª½ «Õ¢œ¿-©Ç© ÊÕ¢* ŸµÄÊu¢ Êª½-®¾-Êo-æX{ êÂ¢“ŸÄ-EÂË «®¾Õh¢C. ¦¢’Ãª½¢ „Ãu¤Ä-ªÃ-E-Âíæ®h Êª½-®¾-Êo-æX{ X¾{d-º¢©ð 50 Ÿ¿ÕÂÃ-ºÇ©Õ¯Ãoªá. 5 £¾Çô©ü-æ®©ü Ÿ¿ÕÂÃ-ºÇ©Õ åXŸ¿l-„çá-ÅŒh¢©ð ©Ç„Ã-Ÿä-O©Õ ²ÄT-®¾Õh¢-šÇªá. EÅŒu¢ ª½Ö. 50 ©Â¹~© „äÕª½Â¹× “Â¹§ŒÕ-N-“Â¹-§ŒÖ©Õ Ê„çÖ-Ÿ¿-«Û-ÅŒÕ-¯Ãoªá. «á¢¦Çªá, Íç¯çjo ÅŒC-ÅŒª½ “¤Ä¢ÅÃ© ÊÕ¢* G®¾ˆšü ¦¢’Ã-ªÃEo C’¹Õ-«ÕA Íä®¾Õ-ÂíE „Ãu¤Ä-ª½Õ©Õ ©Ç„Ã-Ÿä-O©Õ ²ÄT-²Ähª½Õ. ƒÅŒhœË, ®Ôd©Õ ²Ä«Õ-“TE ’¹Õ¢{Öª½Õ, N•-§ŒÕ-„Ãœ¿ ÅŒC-ÅŒª½ “¤Ä¢ÅÃ© ÊÕ¢* C’¹Õ-«ÕA Íä®¾Õ-ÂíE ƒÂ¹ˆœ¿ „Ãu¤Äª½¢ Íä®¾Õh¢-šÇª½Õ. ƒÅŒhœË, ®Ôd©Õ Ÿ¿ÕÂÃ-ºÇ©Õ X¾{d-º¢©ð X¾C …¯Ãoªá. ªîW ª½Ö. ©Â¹~ «ª½Â¹× „Ãu¤Äª½¢ …¢{Õ¢C. …ŸÄlÊ¢.... Âí¦sJ „Ãu¤Äª½ êÂ¢“Ÿ¿¢ …ŸÄlÊ¢ “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢©ð 32 „ä© ‡Â¹-ªÃ© X¾J-Cµ©ð Âí¦sJ ²Ä’¹-«Û-Åî¢C. Âí¦sJ …ÅŒp-ÅŒÕh© ©Ç„Ã-Ÿä-O-©Â¹× Â¹¢-L©ð Âí¦sJ ÂÃ§ŒÕ©Õ, Âí¦s-J-XÔÍŒÕ, ¨¯ç© „Ãu¤Äª½ êÂ¢“Ÿ¿¢ …¢C. ªîVÂË Â¹¢L ÊÕ¢* ®Ô•-¯þ©ð 35 ©ÇK©Õ, Æ¯þ-®Ô-•-¯þ©ð 15 ©ÇK© Âí¦sJ ÂÃ§ŒÕ ƒÅŒª½ ªÃ³ÄZ-©Â¹× ‡’¹Õ-«ÕA Æ«Û-ÅŒÕ¢-{Õ¢C. ®¾’¹-{ÕÊ ªîVÂË 20 ©ÇK-©Â¹× åXj’Ã ®¾ª½Â¹× ª½„ÃºÇ Æ«Û-Åî¢C. “X¾®¾ÕhÅŒ¢ „çªáu ÂÃ§ŒÕ ª½Ö. 6 „ä© «ª½Â¹× Ÿµ¿ª½ X¾©Õ-Â¹×-ÅŒÕ¢-œ¿-œ¿¢Åî ªîVÂË ª½Ö. 12 ©Â¹~© ÊÕ¢* ª½Ö. 15 ©Â¹~© „Ãu¤Äª½¢ •ª½Õ-’¹Õ-Åî¢C. Â¹¢-L©ð 30 «ª½Â¹× Âí¦sJ „Ãu¤Äª½ êÂ¢“ŸÄ-©Õ-¯Ãoªá. Âí¦sJ XÔÍŒÕ-X¾-ª½¢’Ã Â¹¢L, ²ò¢æX{, Â¹NšË, ƒÍÃa´-X¾Ûª½¢ «Õ¢œ¿-©Ç©ðx 20 X¾J-“¬Á-«Õ-©Õ¢-œ¿’Ã „ÃšË ŸÄyªÃ ªîVÂË ª½Ö. 5 ©Â¹~© „äÕª½ „Ãu¤Äª½¢ •ª½Õ-’¹Õ-Åî¢C. 30 Âí¦sJ ¨¯ç© X¾J-“¬Á-«Õ© ŸÄyªÃ ª½Ö. 3 ©Â¹~© „Ãu¤Äª½¢ •ª½Õ-’¹Õ-Åî¢C. Âí¦sJ …ÅŒp-ÅŒÕh© ŸÄyªÃ ®¾’¹-{ÕÊ ªîVÂË ª½Ö. 20 ©Â¹~© ÊÕ¢* ª½Ö. 25 ©Â¹~© «ª½Â¹× „Ãu¤Äª½¢ •ª½Õ-’¹Õ-Åî¢C. Æ{-O-¬ÇÈ >©Çx©ð 21 «Õ¢œ¿-©Ç©ðx 1,71,178 «Õ¢C TJ-•-ÊÕ©Õ …¯Ãoª½Õ. ®¾«ª½, èÇÅÃX¾Û, ÂÃX¾Û-®¾-«ª½, Âí¢œ¿-Ÿíª½, «ÖL-§ŒÖ-®¾-«ª½, ’¹Ÿ¿¦ …X¾-Â¹×-©Ç-©Â¹× Íç¢CÊ TJ-•-ÊÕ©Õ «u«-²Ä§ŒÕ¢ «%Ah’Ã °N-®¾Õh-¯Ãoª½Õ. Æ{O N®Ôhª½g¢ : 70544 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx ˜äÂ¹× Ð ¦’Ã_ “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢ (ÂíÅŒÖhª½Õ) 220 å£ÇÂÃd-ª½x©ð N®Ôh-ª½g¢©ð …¢C. èÇŸ¿Õ-X¾Lx (¤ÄÅŒ-X¾{o¢) 80 å£ÇÂÃd-ª½x©ð …¢C ’¹ÕT_©¢ Ð ŸîÊÕ-¦µÇªá (®ÔÅŒ¢-æX{) 40 å£ÇÂÃd-ª½x©ð …¢C. X¾Â¹~×©Õ Ð ’¹Öœ¿-¦Ç-ÅŒÕ©Õ, åXL-ÂÃ¯þ, åXªá¢-˜ã-œþ-²Ädªýq,®ÔÅÃ-Âî-Â¹--©Õ-Â¹©Õ, ªÃ«Õ--©Õ-Â¹©Õ, ¯ç«Õ@ÁÙx X¶¾©-²Ä§ŒÕ¢ Ð Ê©x-°œË, „çŸ¿Õª½Õ, ÆœÄf-Â¹×©Õ, HœË-‚-Â¹×©Õ, Åä¯ç, <X¾Û-ª½Õ-X¾Û-©x©Õ,’¹¢Â¹-ª½§ýÕ Íç{Õx ª½ÂÃ©ÕÐ Ê©x-êª’¹Õ, «ÕCl, ¤Ä©-Íç{Õd, ¤Ä®Ï, „çŸ¿Õª½Õ, ÅŒX¾®Ï, ’¹ÕT_©¢, ˜äÂ¹×, NX¾p, ’¹Êª½, X¾Û©äxª½Õ, X¾Ê®¾, «ÖNÕœË, ¤ñŸ¿©Õ •¢ÅŒÕ-«Û©Õ Ð \ÊÕ-’¹Õ©Õ(4) >¢Â¹©Õ, Ÿ¿ÕXÏp©Õ, Æœ¿-N-X¾¢-Ÿ¿Õ©Õ, ‡©Õ-’¹Õ-¦¢{Õx, Æª½Õ-ŸçjÊ ÂË¢’û-Âî“¦Ç, ƒÅŒª½ ®¾ª½p-èÇ-ÅŒÕ©Õ «Ê-®¾¢-ª½-Â¹~º ®¾NÕ-ÅŒÕ©Õ [ >©Çx©ð 241 ®¾NÕ-ÅŒÕ©Õ …¯Ãoªá. [ 1985©ð OšËE \ªÃp{Õ Íä¬Çª½Õ [ >©Çx©ð 28 «Õ¢œ¿-©Ç©ðx Æ{-O-“¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢ …¢C. [ Æ{-O-£¾Ç-Â¹×ˆ© ÍŒ{d¢ ÂË¢Ÿ¿ ÅíL-N-œ¿-ÅŒ©ð 24615.12 ‡Â¹-ªÃ©Õ, éª¢œî Nœ¿-ÅŒ©ð 4 „ä© ‡Â¹-ªÃ©Õ Æ{O ¦µ¼ÖNÕE X¾¢XÏºÌ Íä¬Çª½Õ. éª„ç-ÊÖu-¬ÇÈ >©Çx©ð 38 «Õ¢œ¿-©Ç©Õ, 1865 “’Ã«Ö-©Õ-¯Ãoªá. X¾¢{© N«-ªÃ©Õ, Æ•-«Ö-ªá-†Ô-©Åî ¤Ä{Õ ’¹ÅŒ¢©ð N.‚-ªý.-‹.©Õ ¤òM®¾Õ «u«-®¾nÂ¹× ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-Ê NŸµ¿Õ©Õ Eª½y-£ÏÇ¢-Íä-„Ãª½Õ. “X¾®¾ÕhÅŒ¢ «Ö“ÅŒ¢ ¨ NŸµ¿Õ©Õ OJ X¾JCµ ÊÕ¢ Åí©-T¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ¦µ¼ÖX¾-J-ª½-Â¹~º, “X¾Â¹%A „çjX¾-K-ÅÃu©Õ, ÆTo-“X¾-«Ö-ŸÄ©Õ •ÊÊ, «Õª½º Ÿµ¿%O-Â¹-ª½-ºÇ©Õ, X¾šÇd-ŸÄ-ª½Õ-¤Ä®ý X¾Û®¾h-ÂÃ©Õ, „Ã{-ªý-šÇu¢Âúq, X¾¢{© N«-ªÃ©Õ, ‚“Â¹-«Õ-º©Õ •ª½-’¹-Â¹×¢œÄ ÍŒÖœ¿œ¿¢, ‚X¾-Ÿ¿s´¢Ÿ¿Õ, èÇB§ŒÕ Â¹×{Õ¢¦ H«Ö X¾Ÿ±¿Â¹¢, «áÈu-«Õ¢“A ®¾£¾É§ŒÕ ECµ ÅŒC-ÅŒª½ Æ¢¬Ç©Õ OJ X¾J-Cµ©ð …¢šÇªá. Mœþ ¦Çu¢Â¹× ÂÃª½u-“Â¹-«Ö©Õ Â¹ØœÄ éª„ç-ÊÖu-¬ÇÈ ÍŒÖ²òh¢C. ‚ªý.-‚ªý. §ŒÖÂ¹×d ¤ùª½-®¾-ª½-X¶¾-ªÃ© ¬ÇÈ «¢šË ÂÌ©-Â¹-„çÕiÊ «u«-®¾n©Õ ¨ ¬ÇÈ ‚Dµ-Ê¢-©ð¯ä …¢šÇªá. ÈE• ®¾¢X¾Ÿ¿ >©Çx©ð „çáÅŒh¢ 5 ª½ÂÃ© ÈE-èÇ©Õ ©¦µ¼u-«Õ-«Û-ÅŒÕ-¯Ãoªá. ÆN ÂÃy˜ãkbšü, «Ö¢’¹-F®¾Õ, HÍý-²Ä¢œþ, “’Ã¯çjšü, ªîœ¿Õf-„çÕ-{©ü [ ÂÃy˜ãkbšü ÈE•¢ >©Çx©ð ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Öª½Õ «Õ¢œ¿-©¢-©ðE Ê¢C-„Ãœ¿, N.‚ªý.’¹Öœç¢, X¾Û©Çx>-æX{Åî ¤Ä{Õ ª½º-®¾n©¢ «Õ¢œ¿-©¢-©ðE ®¾¢ÍÃ¢, Æª½Õb-Ê-«-©®¾, ¤Ä©-Âí¢œ¿ «Õ¢œ¿©¢ ¦ã>b, Oª½X¶¾ÕšÇd¢ «Õ¢œ¿©¢ «¢œ¿« “’Ã«Õ¢©ð ©¦µ¼u-«Õ-«Û-ÅŒÕ-¯Ãoªá. ¨ ÈE-èÇ-EÂË Ÿä¬Á-„Ãu-X¾h¢’Ã åXŸ¿l’Ã TªÃÂÌ ©äÂ¹-¤ò-«-œ¿¢Åî ‡’¹Õ-«Õ-ÅŒÕ©Õ Æ¢ÅŒ’Ã ©ä«Û. [ «Ö¢’¹-F®¾Õ ÈE•¢ >©Çx©ð >.®Ï-’¹œÄ¢ «Õ¢œ¿©¢ ¦ÇÅŒÕ„Ã, ©Ç„äª½Õ «Õ¢œ¿©¢ åXŸ¿-L¢-’Ã-©-«-©®¾ “’Ã«Ö©ðx ©Gµ-²òh¢C. \œÄC „çáÅŒh¢-OÕŸ¿ ¨ ÈE•¢ ª½„ÃºÇ ŸÄyªÃ >©ÇxÂ¹× ª½Ö. 5 ©Â¹~© ‚ŸÄ§ŒÕ¢ «²òh¢C. [ HÍý-²Ä¢œþ ÈE•¢ >©Çx-©ðE ®¾«á-“Ÿ¿-B-ª½¢Åî ¤Ä{Õ «¢¬Á-ŸµÄª½ ¯Ã’Ã-«R ÊD-X¾-J-„Ã-£¾Ç-Â¹-“¤Ä¢ÅŒ „çáÅŒh¢-OÕŸ¿ ©¦µ¼u-«Õ-«Û-Åî¢C. ¨ ƒ®¾Õ-Â¹©ð ’Ãéªošü, ƒLx-NÕ-¯äšü, „çÖ¯î-èãjšü, èãšü-“ÂÃ¯þ, ®ÏL-NÕ-¯äšü Æ¯ä …X¾ ÈE-èÇ©Õ ©¦µ¼u-«Õ-«Û-ÅÃªá. OšË ª½„ÃºÇ ŸÄyªÃ >©ÇxÂ¹× >©ÇxÂ¹× \œÄ-CÂË ª½Ö. ÂîšË 20 ©Â¹~© ‚ŸÄ§ŒÕ¢ ©Gµ-²òh¢C. [ >©Çx©ð ˜ãÂ¹ˆL, ²Äª½-«-Âî{, ®Ï¢’¹Õ-X¾Ûª½¢, ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Öª½Õ, ¤Ä©-Âí¢œ¿, ®ÔÅŒ¢-æX{, «¢’¹ª½, ÅŒC-ÅŒª½ “¤Ä¢ÅÃ-©©ð “’Ã¯çjšü ÆÅŒu-Cµ-Â¹¢’Ã ©Gµ-²òh¢C. FL “’Ã¯çjšü ¨ >©Çx “X¾Åäu-Â¹ÅŒ.-- D-E -«-©x\œÄ-CÂË ®¾Õ«Öª½Õ ª½Ö.20 Âî{x «ª½Â¹× ‚ŸÄ§ŒÕ¢ «²òh¢C. [ éªœþ-„çÕ-{©ü ÈE•¢ >©Çx©ð ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Öª½Õ, ®Ï¢’¹Õ-X¾Ûª½¢, ªÃèÇ¢ ÅŒC-ÅŒª½ “¤Ä¢ÅÃ-©©ð ©Gµ-²òh¢C. \œÄ-CÂË ª½Ö. 5 Âî{x ŸÄÂÃ ‚ŸÄ§ŒÕ¢ >©ÇxÂ¹× ®¾«Õ-Â¹Ø-ª½Õ-Åî¢C. •¯Ã¦µÇ [ >©Çx©ð 2001 •¯Ã-¦µÇÅî ¤òLæ®h X¾Ÿä@Áx ÂÃ©¢©ð 25,37,593 ÊÕ¢* 26,99,471Â¹× åXJ-’Ãª½Õ Æ¢˜ä 1,61,878 «Õ¢C åXJ-’Ãª½Õ. [ 2011 ©ãÂ¹ˆ© “X¾ÂÃª½¢ X¾Ûª½Õ-†¾ß©Õ 1,34,0430 ®ÔY©Õ 1,35,9041 …¯Ãoª½Õ. [ •¯Ã¦µÇ «%Cl´-êª{Õ ’¹º-F-§ŒÕ¢’Ã ÅŒT_¢C. ‚êª-@Áx-©ðX¾Û ¯Ão-ª½Õ© ®¾¢Èu >©Çx©ð ÅŒ’¹Õ_-«áÈ¢ X¾šËd¢C. [ 2011 ©ãÂ¹ˆ© “X¾ÂÃª½¢ 0Ð6 ®¾¢«-ÅŒq-ªÃ© «ÕŸµ¿u «§ŒÕ-®¾ÕÊo ¯Ão-ª½Õ©Õ >©Çx©ð 2,65,404 «Õ¢C …¯Ãoª½Õ. OJ©ð «Õ’¹-XÏ-©x©Õ 1,35,929, ‚œ¿-XÏ-©x©Õ 1,29,475 «Õ¢C. [ 2001 •¯Ã¦µÇ ©ãÂ¹ˆ-©Åî ¤òLæ®h 3.41 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ ÅŒ’Ã_ª½Õ. >©Çx©ð 38 «Õ¢œ¿-©Ç©ðx •¯Ã¦µÇ “X¾A X¾Ÿä-@ÁxÂ¹× åXª½Õ-’¹ÕÅŒÖ «a¢C. ¨²ÄJ \Â¹¢’Ã 6 «Õ¢œ¿-©Ç©ðx •¯Ã¦µÇ «%Cl´-êª{Õ ’¹º-F-§ŒÕ¢’Ã X¾œË-¤ò-ªá¢C. «¢’¹ª½ «Õ¢œ¿-©¢©ð ÆÅŒu-Cµ-Â¹¢’Ã 14.13 ¬ÇÅŒ¢, ªÃèÇ¢ ª½Öª½©ü 11.09 ¬ÇÅŒ¢, ‚«Õ-ŸÄ-©-«-©®¾ ª½Öª½-©ü©ð 3.86 ¬ÇÅŒ¢, ®¾¢ÅŒ-Â¹-N-šË©ð 2.50 ¬ÇÅŒ¢, ¦Öª½b©ð 1.20 ¬ÇÅŒ¢, •©Õ-«â-ª½Õ©ð 1 ¬ÇÅŒ¢, ¤ò©Ç-ÂË©ð 0.15 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ ÍíX¾ÛpÊ •¯Ã¦µÇ «%Cl´-êª{Õ ÅŒT_¢C. [ >©Çx©ð X¾Ûª½Õ-†¾ß© Â¹¢˜ä «Õ£ÏÇ-@Á©Õ ÆCµ-Â¹¢’Ã …¯Ãoª½Õ. 2011 •¯Ã¦µÇ ©ãÂ¹ˆ© “X¾ÂÃª½¢ >©Çx©ð “X¾A „çªáu-«Õ¢C X¾Ûª½Õ-†¾ß-©Â¹× 1014 «Õ¢C «Õ£ÏÇ-@Á©Õ …Êo{Õx ÅäL¢C. 2001 ®¾¢«-ÅŒq-ª½¢©ð ®ÔY X¾Ûª½Õ†¾ E†¾pAh1000 : 1014’Ã …¢C. X¾Ÿä-@Áx-ÂÃ-©¢©ð ŠêÂ-K-A©ð ¨ E†¾pAh ÂíÊ-²Ä-’¹Õ-ÅŒÕ¢-œ¿œ¿¢ N¬ì†¾¢. «u«-²Ä§ŒÕ¢ >©Çx©ð “X¾ŸµÄÊ X¾¢{ «J-²Ä’¹Õ. ÈKX¶ý©ð ÆEo X¾¢{©Õ Â¹LXÏ 2,50,497 å£ÇÂÃd-ª½x©ð ²Ä’¹-«Û-ÅŒÕ-¯Ãoªá. ƒ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð ÂÃ©y© ÂË¢Ÿ¿ 1,20,634 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx, Íçª½Õ-«Û© ÂË¢Ÿ¿ 30,362 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx, ¦Ç«Û© ÂË¢Ÿ¿ 6080 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx, ƒÅŒª½ FšË «Ê-ª½Õ© ÂË¢Ÿ¿ 4906 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx ²Ä’¹-«Û-ÅŒÕ-¯Ãoªá. NÕT-L-ÊC «ªÃ¥-ŸµÄª½¢. ÈK-X¶ý©ð «J 1,96,245 å£ÇÂÃd-ª½x©ð ²Ä’¹-«Û-Åî¢C. Íçª½Â¹× 7,389 å£ÇÂÃd-ª½x-©ðÊÖ, èïÊo 226 å£ÇÂÃd-ª½x-©ðÊÖ, ’¹¢šË Ð 2,618 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx, „çáÂ¹ˆ-èïÊo Ð 2055 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx, ÍîœË Ð 1288 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx, Â¹¢Ÿ¿Õ©Õ Ð 1451 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx, åX®¾ª½ Ð 1709 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx, NÕÊÕ«á Ð 760 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx, „äª½Õ-¬Á-Ê’¹ Ð 22,506 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx, ÊÕ«Ûy©Õ Ð 2,532 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx, “X¾Ah Ð 1908 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx, ’î’¹Õ Ð 9810 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx. >©Çx©ð ª½H-²Ä’¹Õ Æ¢ÅŒ’Ã …¢œ¿Ÿ¿Õ. ÂÃª½º¢.. ®¾éªjÊ FšË «®¾A ©äÂ¹-¤ò-«-{„äÕ. >©Çx©ð 1,11,246 å£ÇÂÃdª½x N®Ôh-ª½g¢©ð¯ä X¾¢{©Õ ²Ä’¹-«Û-ÅÃªá. ƒ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð ÆÅŒu-Cµ-Â¹-¬ÇÅŒ¢ ‚ª½Õ-ÅŒœË X¾¢{©ä. [ ª½H©ð «J êÂ«©¢ 3052 å£ÇÂÃd-ª½x-©ð¯ä²Ä’¹-«Û-Åî¢C. [ èïÊo 14 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx, „çáÂ¹ˆ-èïÊo 1,836 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx, ÍîœË 1242 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx, …©«©Õ 10,032 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx, åX®¾ª½ 31,579 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx, NÕÊÕ«á 43,401 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx, ¦ª¸ÃºÌ 12 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx, NÕª½X¾ 3113 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx, …Lx 1364 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx, „äª½Õ-¬Á-Ê’¹ 7376 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx, ÊÕ«Ûy©Õ 4989 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx, ¤ñŸ¿ÕlA-ª½Õ-’¹Õœ¿Õ 3162 å£ÇÂÃdª½Õx, ¤ñ’ÃÂ¹× 74 å£ÇÂÃd-ª½x©ð ²Ä’¹-«Û-ÅÃªá. «J [ >©Çx©ð “X¾ŸµÄÊ X¾¢{ «J. \šÇ ÈKX¶ý ÂÃ©¢©ð 12 ©Â¹~© {ÊÕo© „äÕª½Â¹× C’¹Õ-¦œË «²òh¢C. ƒC ÂÃÂ¹×¢œÄ ŠJ²Äq ÊÕ¢ «Õªî 10 ©Â¹~© {ÊÕo© «ª½Â¹× C’¹Õ-«ÕA Íä®¾Õ-Â¹×¢-{Õ-¯Ãoª½Õ. ®¾yª½g, ²Ä¢¦ ÅŒC-ÅŒª½ ª½ÂÃ©Õ ²Ä’¹Õ Íä®¾Õh-¯Ãoª½Õ. >©Çx©ð 281 éªj®¾Õ NÕ©Õx©Õ …¯Ãoªá. >©Çx©ð \šÇ ª½Ö. 2,200 Âî{x „Ãu¤Äª½ ©Ç„Ã-Ÿä-O©Õ ²Ä’¹Õ-ÅŒÕ-¯Ãoªá. ©ãO ª½ÖX¾¢©ð 3.20 ©Â¹~© {ÊÕo© G§ŒÖuEo “X¾¦µ¼Õ-ÅÃy-EÂË ƒ®¾Õh-¯Ãoª½Õ. «Õªî 4 ©Â¹~© {ÊÕo© «ª½Â¹× >©Çx©ð “X¾•©Õ NE-§çÖ-T-®¾Õh-¯Ãoª½Õ. >©Çx©ð «u«-²Ä§ŒÕ X¾J-¬ð-Ÿµ¿-¯Ã-²Än-¯Ã©Õ, «u«-²Ä§ŒÕ Â¹@Ç-¬Ç-©©Õ >©Çx©ð ªÃ’î©Õ, ®ÔÅŒ¢-æX{©ð «u«-²Ä§ŒÕ X¾J-¬ð-Ÿµ¿¯Ã ²Än¯Ã©Õ åXŸ¿l-æX-{©ð NÅŒh-¯Ã-Gµ-«%Cl´ êÂ~“ÅŒ¢, ‚«Õ-ŸÄ-©-«-©-®¾©ð ’î’¹Õ X¾J-¬ð-Ÿµ¿-¯Ã-²ÄnÊ¢, Â¹%†Ï NèÇcÊ êÂ¢“Ÿ¿¢, \ª½Õ-„ÃÂ¹ (œÄšü) êÂ¢“Ÿ¿¢, ¯çjª½©ð «u«-²Ä§ŒÕ Â¹@Ç-¬Ç© …¯Ãoªá. [ ªÃ’î©Õ «u«-²Ä§ŒÕ X¾J-¬ð-Ÿµ¿-¯Ã-²ÄnÊ¢ ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×-@Ç-EÂË ®¾OÕ-¤ÄÊ 1964©ð \ªÃp{Õ Íä¬Çª½Õ. “X¾®¾ÕhÅŒ¢ ¨ êÂ¢“Ÿ¿¢ ŸÄyªÃ …Lx-Âîœ¿ÕÊÕ ÅŒ{Õd-Â¹×¯ä X¾C ª½ÂÃ© NÅŒh-¯Ã-©ÊÕ ¬Ç®¾Y-„ä-ÅŒh©Õ Nœ¿Õ-Ÿ¿© Íä¬Çª½Õ. OšË©ð «¢¬Á-ŸµÄª½ (‚ªý.->.-‡©ü. 11414), ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ ®¾¯Ão©Õ (‚ªý.->.-‡©ü. 2537), ¡Â¹Øª½t (‚ªý.->.-‡©ü.2332), «®¾Õ¢-Ÿµ¿ª½ (‚ªý.->.-‡©ü. 2538)Åî ¤Ä{Õ „çÕ{d “¤Ä¢ÅÃ©ðx ²Ä’¹ÕÂ¹× ÆÊÕ-Â¹Ø-©-„çÕiÊ ¡®¾ÅŒu (‚ªý.->.-‡©ü. 1880), X¾Û†¾ˆ© (‚ªý.->.-‡©ü. 2624) ÅŒC-ÅŒª½ ª½ÂÃ-©ÊÕ Nœ¿Õ-Ÿ¿© Íä¬Çª½Õ. «Õªî ¯Ã©Õ’¹Õ ª½ÂÃ-©åXj X¾J-¬ð-Ÿµ¿-Ê©Õ Íä¬Çª½Õ. ƒN-’ÃÂ¹ «J©ð X¾©Õ ª½ÂÃ-©åXj X¾J-¬ð-Ÿµ¿-Ê©Õ Íä®¾Õh-¯Ãoª½Õ. [ ¯çjª½ «u«-²Ä§ŒÕ Â¹@Ç-¬Ç©ÊÕ 1989©ð \ªÃp{Õ Íä¬Çª½Õ. ¨ Â¹@Ç-¬Ç-©©ð ¯Ã©Õ’¹Õ ®¾¢«-ÅŒq-ªÃ© Âîª½Õq …¢C. 2010Ð11 ÊÕ¢* Æ“’Ã-ÊOÕ, ¤Äx¢šü “HœË¢-’û©ð XÏ> Âîª½Õq©Õ “X¾„ä-¬Á-åX-šÇdª½Õ. [ ‚«Õ-ŸÄ-©-«-©-®¾©ð ’î’¹Õ X¾J-¬ð-Ÿµ¿-¯Ã-²ÄnÊ¢ …¢C. DEo 1958©ð \ªÃp{Õ Íä¬Çª½Õ. ªÃ†¾Z¢©ð ’î’¹ÕåXj ƒŸí-Â¹ˆ˜ä X¾J-¬ð-Ÿµ¿-Ê-²ÄnÊ¢. ’î’¹Õ ª½ÂÃ© ÆGµ-«%-Cl´Åî ¤Ä{Õ, ’î’¹Õ X¾¢{ ²Ä’¹Õ©ð §ŒÖ•-«ÖÊu X¾Ÿ¿l´-ÅŒÕ-©ÊÕ éªjÅŒÕ-©Â¹× Åç©Õ-X¾Û-ÅŒÕ¢-šÇª½Õ. [ ®ÔÅŒ¢-æX-{©ðE «u«-²Ä§ŒÕ X¾J-¬ð-Ÿµ¿Ê ²ÄnÊ¢ ¬Ç®¾Y-„ä-ÅŒh©Õ TJ-•Ê “¤Ä¢ÅÃ©ðx ²Ä’¹ÕÂ¹× ÆÊÕ-„çjÊ «J, ÍîœË, ®¾•b, Â¹¢C, Ÿ¿©Õ, «J-’¹©Õ ÅŒC-ÅŒª½ X¾¢{-©åXj X¾J-¬ð-Ÿµ¿-Ê©Õ Íä®¾Õh-¯Ãoª½Õ. [ ‚«Õ-ŸÄ-©-«-©-®¾©ð Â¹%†Ï NèÇcÊ êÂ¢“Ÿ¿¢ …¢C. ƒÂ¹ˆœË ¬Ç®¾Y-„ä-ÅŒh©Õ «u«-²Ä§ŒÕ X¾J-èÇc-¯ÃEo éªjÅŒÕ© «Ÿ¿lÂ¹× Íäª½a{¢, éªjÅŒÕ-©Â¹× X¾¢{© ²Ä’¹Õ, §ŒÖ•-«Ö-Êu¢åXj PÂ¹~º, êÂ~“ÅŒ “X¾Ÿ¿-ª½z-Ê©Õ «¢šËN \ªÃp{Õ Íä®¾Õh¢-šÇª½Õ. [ ‚«Õ-ŸÄ-©-«-©-®¾©ð \ª½Õ-„ÃÂ¹ (œÄšü) êÂ¢“Ÿ¿¢ …¢C. DE ¬Ç®¾Y-„ä-ÅŒh©Õ «u«-²Ä§ŒÕ X¾J-èÇc-¯ÃEo éªjÅŒÕ «Ÿ¿lÂ¹× Íäª½a{¢, “’Ã«Ö©ðx éªjÅŒÕ-©Â¹× X¾¢{© ²Ä’¹ÕåXj ®¾ÖÍŒ-Ê-L-®¾Õh¢-šÇª½Õ. >©Çx©ð ¤Ä©Ê >©Çx©ð «âœ¿Õ éª„çÊÖu œËN-•ÊÕx …¯Ãoªá. ÆN ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢, ˜ãÂ¹ˆL, ¤Ä©-Âí¢œ¿. OšË X¾J-Cµ©ð 38 «Õ¢œ¿-©Ç©Õ …¯Ãoªá. >©Çx „ÃuX¾h¢’Ã 10 Æå®¢Hx E§çÖ-•Â¹«ªÃ_©Õ …¯Ãoªá. “X¾ŸµÄ-Ê¢’Ã ƒÍÃa´-X¾Ûª½¢ E§çÖ-•-Â¹-«ª½_¢ ²ò¢æX{, ˜ãÂ¹ˆL E§çÖ-•-Â¹-«-ª½_¢-©ðE ®¾¢ÅŒ-¦ï-«ÖtR “¤Ä¢ÅÃ©ðx ¦ï’¹Õ_ ‚ŸµÄ-JÅŒ NŸ¿Õu-Ÿ¿Õ-ÅŒpAh êÂ¢“ŸÄ© \ªÃp-{ÕåXj “X¾ŸµÄÊ ªÃ•-ÂÌ-§ŒÕ-X¾-Â~Ã©Õ éª¢œ¿Õ’Ã <L-¤ò-§ŒÖªá. ª½º-®¾n©¢ «Õ¢œ¿©¢ Âí„Ãyœ¿ «Ÿ¿l \ªÃp{Õ Íä§ŒÕ-ÊÕÊo Æº-N-Ÿ¿ÕuÅŒÕh ¤Äª½Õˆ, «“•-X¾Û-Âí-ÅŒÖhª½Õ «Õ¢œ¿©¢ X¾Ü¢œË ®¾OÕ-X¾¢©ð HÍý-²Ä¢œþ “¤Äèã-Â¹×d© N†¾-§ŒÕ¢©ð ²ÄnE-Â¹¢’Ã ‚¢Ÿî-@Á-Ê©Õ êª’¹Õ-ÅŒÕ-¯Ãoªá. 2011 V©ãj 23Åî ‡¢XÔXÔ, >©Çx X¾J-†¾-Åý© ¤Ä©-Â¹-«-ªÃ_© ’¹œ¿Õ«Û X¾ÜJh-ÂÃ-«-œ¿¢Åî “X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy¢ “X¾Åäu-ÂÃ-Cµ-ÂÃ-ª½xÊÕ E§ŒÕ-NÕ¢-¢C. «âœ¿Õ ¯ç©© “ÂËÅŒ¢ Â¹©ã-Â¹d-ª½Õ’Ã «aÊ „ç¢Â¹-“šÇ-„þÕ-éªœËf ¤Ä©-Ê-X¾-ª½¢’Ã ÂíEo «Öª½Õp©Õ ÍäX¾-šÇdª½Õ. ƒX¾p-šË-«-ª½Â¹× >©Çx êÂ¢“Ÿ¿¢©ð, «Õ¢œ¿-©Ç©ðx ÅŒ£¾Ç-P-©Çlª½Õ ÂÃªÃu-©-§ŒÖ©ðx “X¾B ²ò«Õ-„Ãª½¢ X¶ÏªÃu-Ÿ¿Õ© N¦µÇ-’ÃEo Eª½y-£ÏÇ¢-Íä-„Ãª½Õ. „ç¢Â¹-“šÇ-„þÕ-éªœËf «Ö“ÅŒ¢ >©Çx êÂ¢“ŸÄ-EÂË X¶ÏªÃu-Ÿ¿Õ©Õ ƒ«y-œÄ-EÂË ‡«ª½Ö ªÃ„í-Ÿ¿lE “X¾B ²ò«Õ-„Ãª½¢ «Õ¢œ¿© X¾J-†¾Åý ÂÃªÃu-©-§ŒÖ©ðx ÆEo ¬ÇÈ© ÆCµ-ÂÃª½Õx ®¾«Õ-Â¹~¢©ð “U„çÊÕqÊÕ Eª½y-£ÏÇ¢-ÍÃ©E ‚Ÿä-¬Ç©Õ èÇK Íä¬Çª½Õ. «âœ¿Õ éª„çÊÖu œËN-•-Êx©ð Eª½y-£ÏÇ¢Íä X¶ÏªÃu-Ÿ¿Õ© N¦µÇ-’Ã-EÂË ‚§ŒÕ¯ä ®¾y§ŒÕ¢’Ã £¾É•-ª½-«Û-ÅŒÕ-¯Ãoª½Õ. “X¾B ¬ÁE-„Ãª½¢ œ¿§ŒÕ©ü §Œá«ªý Â¹©ã-Â¹dªý ÂÃª½u-“Â¹-«ÖEo Eª½y-£ÏÇ-®¾Õh-¯Ãoª½Õ. ¤òM®¾Õ ¬Ç‘Ç-X¾-ª½¢’Ã ÂíEo ®¾¢®¾ˆ-ª½-º©Õ ÍäX¾-šÇdª½Õ. “’Ã«Õ-²Än-ªá©ð ®¾NÕ-ÅŒÕ-©ÊÕ \ªÃp{Õ Íä¬Çª½Õ. ®¾¢¦¢-CµÅŒ ¤òM®¾Õ ‡®ý‰, ®Ï¦s¢C “’Ã«Ö©ðx ÅŒX¾p-E-®¾-J’Ã ®¾NÕ-ÅŒÕ© ®¾«Ö-„ä-¬Ç-©Â¹× £¾É•-ª½Õ-ÂÃ-„ÃL. ªÃ“A ÆÂ¹ˆœä E“Ÿ¿ Íä§ŒÖL. ÅŒŸÄyªÃ “’Ã«Õ-²Änªá ®¾«Õ-®¾u-©ÊÕ ’¹ÕJh¢-ÍŒ{¢.. „ÃšËE …Êo-ÅÃ-Cµ-ÂÃ-ª½Õ-©Â¹× E„ä-C¢-ÍŒ{¢ Íä®¾Õh-¯Ãoª½Õ. ¯ä©©Õ ˜ãÂ¹ˆL œËN-•-¯þ©ð «“•-X¾Û-Âí-ÅŒÖhª½Õ, «Õ¢Ÿ¿®¾, Â¹¢L, Â¹NšË, ²ò¢æX{, ƒÍÃa´-X¾Ûª½¢ “¤Ä¢ÅÃ-©ÊÕ …ŸÄlÊ¢ Æ¢šÇª½Õ. X¾©Ç®¾ Â¹ØœÄ Âí¢ÅŒ ¦µÇ’¹¢ Â¹©Õ-®¾Õh¢C. ƒN X¾ÜJh’Ã ƒ®¾ÕÂ¹ ¯ä©©Õ. Æ¢Ÿ¿ÕêÂ °œË, Âí¦sJ X¾¢{©Õ N²Äh-ª½¢’Ã X¾¢œ¿Õ-ÅÃªá. >©Çx©ð 19 TJ-•Ê «Õ¢œ¿-©Ç©Õ …¯Ãoªá. OšË©ð ‡Â¹×ˆ« ¦µÇ’¹¢ Âí¢œ¿©ä. ¤òœ¿Õ «u«-²Ä§ŒÕ¢ åXª½-’¹œ¿¢ «©x Æœ¿-«Û©Õ Â¹ÊÕ-«Õ-ª½Õ-é’j-¤ò-§ŒÖªá. >©Çx©ð …Êo Âí¢œ¿©ðx ‡Â¹×ˆ-«’Ã “’Ã¯çjšü EêÂ~-¤Ä©Õ …¯Ãoªá. ®ÔÅŒ¢-æX{, ÂíÅŒÖhª½Õ, ¦µÇNÕE, ¤Ä©-Âí¢œ¿ TJ-•Ê “¤Ä¢ÅÃ©ðx ƒX¾Ûp-œË-X¾Ûpœä „ÃºË•u X¾¢{©ÊÕ X¾¢œË-®¾Õh-¯Ãoª½Õ. “X¾ŸµÄ-Ê¢’Ã åXj¯Ã-XÏ©ü, Íçª½Â¹×, ®ÔÅÃ-X¶¾©¢, X¾Ê®¾ Åî{©Õ N²Äh-ª½¢’Ã …¯Ãoªá. >©ÇxÂ¹× Ÿ¿ÂË~-ºÇÊ ª½º-®¾n©¢, ©Ç„äª½Õ, >.®Ï-’¹œÄ¢, ªÃèÇ¢, ‡Íçaª½x «Õ¢œ¿-©Ç©Õ …¯Ãoªá. ƒN ‡Â¹×ˆ-«’Ã «ªÃ¥-ŸµÄª½ ¦µ¼Ö«á©Õ ‡“ª½-êª-’¹œË ¯ä©©Õ ÂÃ«-œ¿¢Åî „çÕ{Õd-X¾¢-{©Õ X¾¢œ¿Õ-ÅÃªá. “X¾ŸµÄ-Ê¢’Ã „äª½Õ-¬ë-Ê’¹, «J, Âí¦sJ, „çáÂ¹ˆ-èïÊo, ¦ï¤Äpªá, Íçª½Â¹×, ªÃ’¹Õ©Õ, …©«, ÊÕ«Ûy©Õ ‡Â¹×ˆ-«’Ã X¾¢œ¿Õ-ÅÃªá. °œË, «Ö«ÕœË Åî{©Õ Â¹ØœÄ ‡Â¹×ˆ«’Ã …¯Ãoªá. >©Çx©ð «¢¬Á-ŸµÄª½, ¯Ã’Ã-«R ÊDX¾-J-„Ã-£¾ÇÂ¹ “¤Ä¢ÅÃ©Õ Ê©x-êª-’¹œË ¯ä©©Õ. •©Õ-«âª½Õ, ‡©ü.-‡-¯þ.-æX{, ‚«Õ-ŸÄ-©-«-©®¾, ®¾ª½Õ-¦Õ->bL, ¤Ä©-Âí¢œ¿, Oª½-X¶¾Õ{d¢, Êª½-®¾-Êo-æX{, ¤ò©ÇÂË, ’Ãª½, ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ “¤Ä¢ÅÃ©ðx 60 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ ƒ®¾Õ-Â¹Åî Â¹ØœË «JÂË ÆÊÕ-Â¹Ø-©¢’Ã …¢œä ¦µ¼Ö«á©Õ …¯Ãoªá. ƒÂ¹ ª½º-®¾n©¢ ÊÕ¢ ƒÍÃa´-X¾Ûª½¢ «ª½Â¹× 194 ÂË.OÕ „äÕª½ ®¾«á-“Ÿ¿-Bª½¢ …¢C. Bª½¢ ÊÕ¢* 5 ÂË©ð-OÕ-{ª½x X¾J-Cµ©ð ƒ®¾ÕÂ¹ ¦µ¼Ö«á©ä …¯Ãoªá. ¨ “¤Ä¢ÅÃ©ðx ®¾ª½Õ-’¹Õœ¿Õ, °œË, Âí¦sJ Åî{©Õ N²Äh-ª½¢’Ã …¯Ãoªá. «ª½¥-¤ÄÅŒ¢ >©Çx©ð ®¾’¹{Õ «ª½¥-¤ÄÅŒ¢ ®¾Õ«Öª½Õ 1,100 NÕMx-OÕ-{ª½Õx.’¹Åä-œÄC ®¾’¹-{ÕÊ 1,400 NÕMx-OÕ-{ª½x «ª½¥-¤ÄÅŒ¢ Ê„çÖ-Ÿçj¢C. 2007 ÊÕ¢* 2010 «ª½Â¹× ®¾’¹-{ÕÊ 700 NÕMx-OÕ-{-ª½Õx-’Ã¯ä Ê„çÖ-Ÿçj¢C. ŠœË²Äq ªÃ†¾Z¢©ð «ªÃ¥©Õ „çÖ®¾h-ª½Õ’Ã X¾œËÅä «¢¬Á-ŸµÄª½, ¯Ã’Ã-«R, ¦£¾ÝŸÄ, «Õæ£Ç¢-“Ÿ¿-ÅŒ-Ê§ŒÕ ÊŸ¿Õ-©ðxÂË Fª½Õ «®¾Õh¢C. DEÂË Åîœ¿Õ >©Çx©ð «ªÃ¥©Õ X¾œËÅä¯ä ÊD-B-ª½-“¤Ä¢-ÅÃ©ðx «J X¾¢œ¿Õ-ÅŒÕ¢C. >©Çx©ð \šÇ ‚’¹®¾Õd, å®åXd¢-¦ª½Õ ¯ç©©ðx «ª½-ŸíÍäa ÂÃ©¢. ˜ãÂ¹ˆL, ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ éª„çÊÖu œËN-•-Êx©ð «ªÃ¥-ŸµÄ-ª½¢-åXj¯ä X¾¢{©Õ X¾¢œ¿Õ-ÅÃªá. ’¹ÅŒ Âí¢ÅŒ-ÂÃ-©¢’Ã \“XÏ©ü ÊÕ¢* ‚’¹®¾Õd «ª½Â¹× ¨Ÿ¿Õ-ª½Õ-’Ã-©Õ©Õ B“«ÅŒ åXJ-T¢C. ¦©-„çÕiÊ ’Ã©Õ© «©x \šÇ Íçª½Â¹×, Æª½-šË-Åî-{©Õ ¯ä©-Â¹Ø-©Õ-ÅŒÕ-¯Ãoªá. D¢Åî ª½Ö.©-Â¹~-©ÇC X¾¢{Â¹× Ê†¾d¢ „ÃšË-©Õx-Åî¢C. >©Çx©ð XÏœ¿Õ-’¹Õ-¤Ä{Õ «Õª½-ºÇ©Õ ‡Â¹×ˆ«. \šÇ ®¾’¹-{ÕÊ 30 ÊÕ¢* 40 «Õ¢C «ª½Â¹× XÏœ¿Õ-’¹Õ-¤Ä-{ÕÂ¹× «Õ%ÅŒÕu-„ÃÅŒ X¾œ¿Õ-ÅŒÕ-¯Ãoª½Õ. Â¹~ÅŒ-’Ã-“ÅŒÕ© ®¾¢Èu «¢Ÿ¿-Â¹×-åXj-’Ã¯ä …¢šð¢C. >©Çx©ð „ÃÅÃ-«-ª½º X¾J-®Ïn-ÅŒÕ©Õ ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ >©Çx …ÅŒhª½ X¾Pa-«Ö©ðx ŠœË-²Äq-©ðE «Õæ£Ç¢-“Ÿ¿-TJ X¾ª½y-ÅŒ-“¬ì-ºÕ©Õ ’¹•-X¾A >©Çx, Ÿ¿ÂË~º X¾Pa-«Ö©ðx N•-§ŒÕ-Ê-’¹-ª½¢->©Çx, ÅŒÖª½ÕpÊ ¦¢’Ã-@Ç-‘ÇÅŒ¢ ‡©x-©Õ’Ã …¯Ãoªá. [ •Ê-«J ÊÕ¢* «ÖJa «ª½Â¹× ÍŒL-’Ã©Õ© B“«ÅŒ ‡Â¹×ˆ-«’Ã …¢{Õ¢C. \“XÏ©ü ÊÕ¢* „äÕ «ª½Â¹× …Ÿ¿§ŒÕ¢ «ª½Â¹× «Õ¢ÍŒÕ-ÅÃ-ÂËœË ‡Â¹×ˆ«. «ªÃ¥©Õ Æœ¿-¤Ä-Ÿ¿-œ¿¤Ä X¾œ¿ÅÃªá. „äÕ, W¯þ, W©ãj ¯ç©©ð …³òg-“’¹-ÅŒ©Õ B“«¢’Ã …¢šÇªá. ’¹J-†¾e¢’Ã 40 œË“U© å®Lq-§ŒÕ®ý «ª½Â¹× Ê„çÖ-Ÿ¿-«Û-ÅŒÕ¢C. ¨ «âœ¿Õ ¯ç©©ð ®¾’¹Õ-{ÕÊ 36 œË“U© «ª½Â¹× …³òg-“’¹-ÅŒ©Õ Ê„çÖ-Ÿ¿-«Û-ÅÃªá. ²Ä§ŒÕ¢“ÅŒ¢ ®¾«Õ-§ŒÖ©ðx ¨Ÿ¿Õ-ª½Õ-’Ã-©Õ©Õ “X¾¦µÇ«¢ …¢{Õ¢C. ƒŸä ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢©ð ƒšÌ-«© ÂÃ©¢©ð XÏœ¿Õ-’¹Õ©Õ Â¹ØœÄ X¾œ¿Õ-ÅŒÕ-¯Ãoªá. W¯þ ÊÕ¢* ÆÂîd-¦ª½Õ «ª½Â¹× «ªÃ¥©Õ ‡Â¹×ˆ-«’Ã X¾œ¿Õ-ÅÃªá. Ê«¢-¦ª½Õ, œËå®¢-¦-ª½Õ©ð ÍŒL B“«ÅŒ ‡Â¹×ˆ-«’Ã …¢{Õ¢C. ¨ éª¢œ¿Õ ¯ç©©ðx Â¹ØœÄ Æœ¿-¤Ä-Ÿ¿-œ¿¤Ä «ªÃ¥©Õ X¾œ¿Õ-ÅŒÕ¢-šÇªá. QÅÃ-ÂÃ-©¢©ð Â¹E†¾e …³òg-“’¹-ÅŒ©Õ 12 ÊÕ¢* 14 œË“U© «ª½Â¹× Ê„çÖŸ¿Õ Æ«Û-ÅÃªá. ®¾«á-“Ÿ¿-Bª½¢ >©Çx©ð 194 ÂË©ð-OÕ-{ª½x ¤ñœ¿-„çjÊ ®¾«á-“Ÿ¿-Bª½¢ …¢C. ƒC ªÃ†¾Z-B-ª½-“¤Ä¢-ÅŒ¢©ð ‡Â¹×ˆ«. 11 «Õ¢œ¿-©Ç©ðx 104 “’Ã«Ö© X¾J-Cµ©ð ®¾«á-“Ÿ¿-Bª½¢ …¢C. ª½º-®¾n©¢, ‡Íçaª½x, ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢, ’Ãª½, ¤ò©ÇÂË, ®¾¢ÅŒ-¦ï-«ÖtR, «“•-X¾Û-Âí-ÅŒÖhª½Õ, «Õ¢Ÿ¿®¾, ²ò¢æX{, Â¹¢L, ƒÍÃa´-X¾Ûª½¢ «Õ¢œ¿-©Ç©ðx ¨ Bª½¢ …¢C. ®¾Õ«Öª½Õ 10 „ä© å£ÇÂÃdª½x Æ{O “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢ …¢C. ª½º-®¾n©¢ «Õ¢œ¿-©¢©ð X¾©Õ X¾J-“¬Á«Õ©ðx «Íäa «yªÃn-©ÊÕ åXjX¾Û© ŸÄyªÃ ®¾«á-“Ÿ¿¢-©ðÂË Nœ¿--åX-{d-œ¿¢Åî ÂÃ©Õ†¾u¢ åXJT «ÕÅŒqu-®¾¢-X¾Ÿ¿ ÅŒT_-¤ò-ªá¢C. ŠÂ¹-X¾Ûpœ¿Õ \œÄ-CÂË 35 „ä© „çÕ“šËÂú {ÊÕo©«ÕÅŒqu-®¾¢-X¾-Ÿ¿ÊÕ „çL-ÂË-Bæ®h ƒX¾Ûpœ¿Õ 20 „ä© „çÕ“šËÂú {ÊÕo©Õ Â¹ØœÄ Ÿíª½-Â¹œ¿¢ ©äŸ¿Õ. ¯äšËÂÌ ®¾¢“X¾-ŸÄ-¦-Ÿ¿l´-„çÕiÊ X¾Ÿ¿l´-A-©ð¯ä „ä{ ²ÄT-®¾Õh-¯Ãoª½Õ. >©Çx©ð ¤ÄœËX¾J-“¬Á«Õ N«-ªÃ©Õ X¾¬ÁÙ-®¾¢-«-ª½n-Â¹-¬ÇÈ X¾¬ÁÙ-«Û-©Â¹× Â¹%“A«Õ ’¹ªîs´-ÅŒpAh Â¹Lp¢-ÍŒ-œ¿¢©ð «Õ¢* “X¾A¦µ¼ ²ÄCµ¢-¢C. ©Â~Ãu-EÂË «Õ¢ ƒ¢•-Â¹~ÊÕx Íä¬Çª½Õ. ’¹œË-Ê \œÄ-C©ð JÂÃª½Õf ²Änªá©ð Ÿ¿Öœ¿©Õ •Et¢--Ê{Õx ’¹ÕJh¢-ÍÃª½Õ. X¾¬ÁÙ-H-«Ö-©ðÊÖ “X¾’¹A Ê„çÖ-Ÿçj¢C. >©Çx©ð 3.21 ©Â¹~©Õ ‡Ÿ¿Â¹× «aÊ X¾¬ÁÙ-«Û-©Õ-¯Ãoªá. ƒ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð 15¬ÇÅŒ¢ ê’Ÿç©Õ ÂÃ’Ã, NÕT-LÊ ‚«Û-èÇA X¾¬ÁÙ-«Û©Õ. ¨\-œÄC 1.85 ©Â¹~© X¾¬ÁÙ-«Û-©Â¹× Â¹%“A«Õ ’¹ªîs´-ÅŒpAh ƒ¢•-Â¹~ÊÕx Íäªá¢-ÍÃ-©E ©Â¹~u¢’Ã Eª½g-ªá¢-ÍŒ’Ã, 2.24 ©Â¹~©Õ (121.08¬ÇÅŒ¢) Â¹%“A«Õ ’¹ªîs´-ÅŒpAh ƒ¢•-Â¹~ÊÕx Íäªá¢ “X¾’¹A X¾Ÿ±¿¢©ð >©Çx EL-¢C. 75„ä© Ÿ¿Öœ¿©Õ ©Â¹~u¢ ÂÃ’Ã, 90„ä© Ÿ¿Öœ¿©Õ 2012Ð13 ‚JnÂ¹ ®¾¢«-ÅŒq-ª½¢©ð •Et¢--Ê{Õx ’¹ÕJh¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ƒ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð ‚œ¿ Ÿ¿Öœ¿©ä ‡Â¹×ˆ« ÂÃ«-œ¿¢Åî ¤Ä© “X¾’¹A ²ÄCµ¢-ÍŒ-«-ÍŒaÊo Æ¢ÍŒ-¯ÃÂ¹× «ÍÃaª½Õ. „Ã®¾h-„Ã-EÂË ªÃ†¾Z ²Änªá©ð ÍÃ©Ç >©Çx©Õ Â¹%“A«Õ ’¹ªîs´-ÅŒpAh ƒ¢•-Â¹~ÊÕx Íäªá¢-ÍŒ-œ¿¢©ð „çÊÕ-Â¹-¦-œÄfªá. >©Çx©ð 342 Â¹%“A«Õ ’¹ªîs´-ÅŒpAh êÂ¢“ŸÄ©Õ \ªÃp{Õ Íä®Ï X¶¾L-ÅÃ©Õ ²ÄCµ¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ƒ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð 181 “X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy êÂ¢“ŸÄ©Õ ÂÃ’Ã, NÕT-LÊ 161 ’î¤Ä© NÕ“ÅŒ êÂ¢“ŸÄ©Õ. “X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy êÂ¢“ŸÄ©Â¹× «a X¾¬ÁÙ-«Û-©Â¹× ’¹ªîs´-ÅŒpAh ƒ¢•-Â¹~ÊÕx Íäªá¢-ÍŒÕÂ¹×¯ä¢Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× éªjÅŒÕ©Õ êÂ«©¢ ª½Ö.30 «Ö“ÅŒ„äÕ ÍçLx¢-ÍÃL. ÆŸä ’î¤Ä-©-NÕ“ÅŒ ƒ¢šËÂË «a X¾¬ÁÙ-«Û-©Â¹× ’¹ªîs´-ApAh ƒ¢•-Â¹~ÊÕ Íäæ®h ª½Ö.70 ÍçLx¢-ÍÃL. “X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy êÂ¢“Ÿ¿¢ «®¾Ö©Õ Íä®ÏÊ ª½Ö.30 “X¾¦µ¼Õ-ÅÃy-EÂË •«Õ-«Û-ÅŒÕ¢C. ’î¤Ä-©-NÕ“ÅŒ «®¾Ö©Õ Íä®ÏÊ ª½Ö.70©ð ª½Ö.40 “X¾¦µ¼Õ-ÅÃy-EÂË, ª½Ö.30 ’î¤Ä-©-NÕ-“ÅŒÂ¹× …¢{Õ¢C. 90„ä© Ÿ¿Öœ¿©Õ •ÊÊ¢ >©Çx©ð 2012Ð13 ‚JnÂ¹ ®¾¢«-ÅŒq-ª½¢©ð Â~ÃuEÂË NÕ¢* Â¹%“A«Õ ’¹ªîs´-ÅŒpAh ƒ¢•-Â¹~ÊÕx Íä§ŒÕ-œ¿¢Åî Ÿ¿Öœ¿© •ÊÊ¢ 90„ä©Â¹× ÍäJ¢C. ²Ä¢êÂ-A-Â¹¢’Ã éª¢œ¿Õ-Êoª½ Â¹%“A«Õ ’¹ªîs´-ÅŒpAh ƒ¢•-Â¹~-ÊÕxÂ¹× ŠÂ¹ Ÿ¿Öœ¿ X¾Ûœ¿Õ-ÅŒÕ¢-Ÿ¿E Æ¢ÍŒ¯Ã. Æ¢˜ä 250 ƒ¢•-Â¹~ÊÕx Íäæ®h 100 Ÿ¿Öœ¿©Õ X¾Ûœ¿-ÅÃ-§ŒÕÊo «Ö{. ÂÃE >©Çx©ð 100 ƒ¢•-Â¹~-ÊÕxÂ¹× 48 Ÿ¿Öœ¿©Õ (48¬ÇÅŒ¢) X¾ÛšËd-Ê{Õx ’¹ÕJh¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ƒC ªÃ†¾Z¢-©ð¯ä JÂÃ-ª½Õf’Ã ®¾¢¦¢-CµÅŒ «ªÃ_©Õ „ç©x-œË¢-ÍÃªá. H«Ö-©ðÊÖ “X¾’¹A X¾¬ÁÙ-H«Ö X¾Ÿ±¿Â¹¢ ÂË¢Ÿ¿ >©Çx „ÃuX¾h¢’Ã 6,500 X¾¬ÁÙ-«Û-©Â¹× H«Ö Íäªá¢-ÍÃ-©-ÊoC ©Â¹~u¢. ª½Ö.10„ä©Õ N©Õ-„çjÊ X¾¬ÁÙ-«ÛÂ¹× ª½Ö.172 éªjÅŒÕ ÍçLxæ®h ®¾J-¤ò-ÅŒÕ¢C. ŠÂ¹ X¾¬ÁÙ-«ÛÂ¹× H«Ö Íä®ÏÊ éªjÅŒÕ “X¾«Ö-Ÿ¿-«-¬ÇÅŒÕh «Õª½-ºËæ®h ª½Ö.75„ä©Õ, éª¢œ¿Õ X¾¬ÁÙ«Û©Â¹× H«Ö Íä®ÏÊ éªjÅŒÕ “X¾«Ö-Ÿ¿-«-¬ÇÅŒÕh «Õª½-ºËæ®h ª½Ö.1.50 ©Â¹~©Õ H«Ö «Jh-®¾Õh¢C. >©Çx „ÃuX¾h¢’Ã 6,500 X¾¬ÁÙ-«Û-©Â¹× H«Ö Íäªá¢-ÍÃ-©E ©Â¹~u¢’Ã Eª½g-ªá¢-ÍŒ’Ã, 9336 X¾¬ÁÙ-«Û-©Â¹× H«Ö Íäªá¢* “X¾’¹A ²ÄCµ¢-ÍÃª½Õ.

No comments:

Post a Comment

Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)